Category: Geography

GEOGRAPHY 

H.C.G.

Paper – 2 

PART I 

Q. 1 Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/10 and answer the following  questions:  

(a) (i) Give a six figure grid reference for the spot height .324 in northern part of the map extract.  

     (ii) Give a four figure grid reference for open scrub south of Dhad Talao. 

(b) (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘Contour interval’? 

     (ii) What is the contour interval of the sheet provided to you? 

(c) What is the area in kilometre square of the region between 06 and 09 Eastings and 22 and 27 Northings? 

(d) What is the significance of the following colours used on the survey map? 

     (i) Yellow colour. 

     (ii) Green colour. 

(e) What is the compass direction of? 

      (i) Idarla (0825) from Bhamra (0420). 

     (ii) Dhana (0623) from Amarapura (0124). 

(f) (i) Name the settlement pattern seen in the grid square 0819. 

     (ii) Name the drainage pattern seen in the grid square 0827. 

(g) (i) Name two man made features seen in the grid square 0723. 

      (ii) Name two natural features seen in the grid square 0218. 

(h)  (i) What is the black horizontal line drawn between 18 and 19 Northings? 

     (ii) Name the most important settlement of the region shown on the map extract.

      (i) Draw the conventional symbol for each of the following: 

              (i) Lined perennial well. 

              (ii) Seasonal tank. 

(j) (i) Give one evidence to prove that the regions shown on the map extract receive scanty rainfall. 

    (ii) What is .5r in the grid square 0321? 

 

Q. 2 On the outline map of India provided: 

(a) Mark and name Nilgiris.

(b) Mark and name Kochi. 

(c) Mark and name the Karakoram Pass. 

(d) Mark and name 82½^oE Longitude. 

(e) Shade and name the Coromandel Coastal Plain. 

(f) Mark and name the River Brahmaputra. 

(g) Mark and name the Gulf of Kutch. 

(h) Mark and name the Satpura. 

(i) Mark using arrows, the direction of the South West Monsoon wind during summer over the Arabian Sea and label it.

(j) Shade and label a sparsely populated region in India. 

Index No.……………………………………………. UID…………………………….. 

(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers) 

                                         Map of India for Q. 2

PART II 

Q. 3 (a) (i) Name one state in the north western part of India that receives rainfall during winter.  

    (ii) What is the source of this rainfall? 

(b) Give a reason for each of the following: 

    (i) Rainy season in India is after the summer season. 

   (ii) Tamil Nadu has more rainy months than Kerala, yet, Kerala receives more rainfall than Tamil Nadu. 

(c) (i) What do you understand by the term “Burst of Monsoon”? Name the state that experiences the “Burst of Monsoon”. 

   (ii) Even though India gets abundant rainfall during the rainy season, yet, some places experience drought. Explain giving suitable examples. 

   (iii) Why is Shimla colder than Delhi during summer? 

(d) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow: 

Months	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Temp. in  °C	8.4	11.5	21.6	28.3	35.1		38.5 41.0	38.0	30.8	29.2	15.6	10.2
Rainfall in  cms.	1.5	0.9	0.5	–	–	12.5	17.8	18.5	12.5	12.5	6.2	2.1

    (i) Calculate the annual range of temperature. 

   (ii) State whether the station is located in the coastal area or in the continental interior. 

  (iii) Name the wind that brings most of the rainfall to this area. 

 

Q. 4 (a) (i) Name the parent rock that contributes to the formation of red soil. 

     (ii) How does this soil get its ‘red’ colour? 

(b) Name the following: 

    (i) a soil that occurs insitu and is good for cotton crop. 

   (ii) soil that is formed due to high temperature and heavy rainfall. 

(c) With reference to Alluvial Soil answer the following: 

   (i) What are the two types of Alluvial Soil? 

  (ii) Name an area where Alluvial soil is found. 

  (iii) Name two crops that grow well in this soil. 

(d) (i) Define the term ‘Residual’ soil. 

     (ii) Name two crops that are grown on laterite soil. 

    (iii) Name two important agents of soil erosion.  

 

Q. 5 (a) State two ways by which forests help in protecting the environment. 

(b) With reference to Tropical Deciduous forests answer the following questions: 

    (i) Name two states where it is found. 

   (ii) Name two important trees found in this forest. 

(c) Briefly explain the following: 

   (i) Why are Tropical Evergreen forests called “Evergreen”? 

  (ii) Why is afforestation essential in the cities that have Iron and Steel industries?             

(iii) How do forests act as a source of income for the people. 

(d) Give a reason for each of the following: 

   (i) The Tropical Deciduous forest is commercially the most important forest belt  in India. 

  (ii) Tropical Evergreen forests occur on the windward side of Western Ghats. 

  (iii) It is very difficult to move through tidal forests. 

 

Q. 6 (a) Mention any two methods of recharging groundwater aquifers.

(b) (i) Name the most common means of irrigation used in India.  

     (ii) Give one reason for the popularity of this means of irrigation in our country.

(c) (i) Name two states of India where Canal irrigation is extensively used. 

    (ii) Name the types of canals used in India. 

   (iii) Mention one point of difference between the types of canals mentioned by you. 

(d) (i) What geographical conditions make irrigation necessary in the country?

     (ii) How has irrigation changed the cropping pattern in India? 

    (iii) Why is there a scarcity of surface water in our country? 

 

Q. 7 (a) (i) Why is iron ore called the backbone of our modern industry?  

     (ii) Mention two uses of iron ore. 

(b) Mention one agricultural and one industrial problem solved by the Bhakra Nangal Dam. 

(c) (i) Name the state that is the leading producer of Manganese. 

     (ii) Name the mineral oil field of India which is the largest producer of Petroleum.

    (iii) Mention two advantages of using Geothermal energy over coal. 

(d) (i) Mention one disadvantage of using natural gas as a source of power. 

    (ii) How is the residue from a Bio-gas plant put to use? 

    (iii)Why is the use of alternative sources of energy becoming essential in modern time? 

 

Q. 8 (a) Mention two points of difference between subsistence farming and commercial farming. 

(b) Explain briefly the following terms: 

    (i) Ginning. 

    (ii) Ratooning. 

(c) With reference to the wheat crop answer the following questions: 

    (i) Name the state which is the leading producer of this crop in India. 

   (ii) Mention the climatic condition found suitable for the cultivation of this crop. 

(d) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:  

   (i) Cultivation of rice requires flat level land. 

  (ii) Pulses are important rotation crops. 

  (iii) Bajra and Jowar are grown as dry crops. 

 

Q. 9 (a) Give two reasons as to why Mumbai has developed into an important cotton textile centre. 

(b) (i) What are Basic Industries?  

     (ii) Give one example of a Basic Industry in India. 

(c) (i) State two problems faced by the Silk Industry of India. 

    (ii) Mention the most important factor for location of Sugar industries. 

(d) Briefly answer the following: 

   (i) From where does the Rourkela Steel plant obtain its supply of coal? 

  (ii) From where does the Tata Iron and Steel plant obtain its supply of iron ore? 

  (iii) Name two cities that are important for the production of Electronics. 

 

Q. 10 (a) With reference to Waterways answer the following questions:  

    (i) Mention two advantages of inland water transport.  

   (ii) Why is inland water transport not well developed in India? 

(b) Even though all means of transport are well developed in India, yet, road transport remains the most popular means of transport. Justify this statement. 

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: 

   (i)Roadways is not well developed in North East India. 

   (ii)Railways are under the public sector. 

  (iii)A good network of transport is of great help for the development of the economy. 

(d) (i) Give two disadvantages of Airways. 

     (ii) Why is there an increase of airway traffic in recent years? 

 

Q. 11 (a) (i) What do you mean by segregation of waste? 

     (ii) Why is segregation of waste essential before its disposal? 

(b) Why should sewage be treated before disposal?

(c) Briefly answer each of the following: 

   (i) What is the effect of Waste accumulation on terrestrial life? 

   (ii) What are the consequences of Water pollution? 

   (iii) What is the benefit of Composting? 

(d) (i) How can recycling of Waste help in reducing waste? Explain with suitable examples. 

   (ii) Mention one initiative taken by the Government to manage waste. 

  (iii) How can you as an individual contribute towards waste management? 

GEOGRAPHY 

H.C.G. – Paper – 2 

PART I 

Q. 1 Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/7 and answer the following  questions:  

(a) Give the six figure grid reference for: 

     (i) ∆ 268 

    (ii) Temple south east of Khara                                                       

(b) Name the following: 

    (i) The drainage pattern seen in 9185. 

    (ii) The pattern of settlement seen in 9787.  

(c) What do the following symbols mean? 

    (i) 3r in 9089. 

   (ii) 200 in 9383. 

(d) Name two types of vegetation found in the region east of easting 93. 

(e) Give two evidences which suggest that the rainfall received in the region shown on the map extract is seasonal. 

(f) Calculate the area of the region between 85 – 90 northing and 90 – 95 easting. Give your answer in kilometer. 

(g) Mention any two manmade features and two natural features in grid square 9080. 

(h) What is the direct distance in kilometers between the surveyed tree west of Rampura (9580) to the chhatri in Juvol (9282)? 

(i) Mention: 

     (i) The most commonly used means of transport in the area shown on the map extract. 

     (ii) The main occupation of the people of the region in the south eastern part of the map extract. 

(j) (i) What is the compass direction of Rampura (9580) from Karja (9781)? 

    (ii) Identify the landform marked by contours in 9782. 

 

Q. 2 On the outline map of India provided: 

(a) Shade and label Thar desert. 

(b) Label the river Narmada. 

(c) Shade and name the Wular lake. 

(d) Shade and label Kanara coast. 

(e) Mark and name Mount Kanchenjunga.

(f) Shade and label a densely-populated region in India. 

(g) Shade and label a region with Red soil in India. 

(h) Mark with a dot and name Chennai. 

(i) Mark and label the Arabian Sea branch of S.W. Monsoon. 

(j) Mark with a dot and name Singhbhum. 

Index No.……………………………………… UID…………………………………. 

(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers) 

                                                               Map of India 

PART II 

Q. 3 (a) How is the winter rainfall of the northwest part of India different from the winter rainfall of the southeast part of India? 

(b) (i) Name a state that is the first to experience the onset of the monsoon.  

     (ii) How does the “Mango shower” influence the state of Karnataka? 

(c) Give a reason for each of the following:  

     (i) Kanyakumari experiences equable climate. 

     (ii) Central Maharashtra gets less rainfall than the coastal area of Maharashtra.

     (iii) Jaipur has a higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai. 

(d) Write three differences between summer monsoon season and retreating monsoon season. 

 

Q. 4 (a) (i) Why does alluvial soil differ in texture?  

      (ii) State two cash crops that grow well in alluvial soil. 

(b) With reference to black soil answer the following: 

      (i) Name one important crop which grows in this soil. 

      (ii) Give one chemical property of this soil. 

(c) Give one geographical reason for each of the following: 

     (i) Red soil requires irrigation. 

    (ii) Afforestation prevents soil from getting eroded. 

    (iii) Laterite soil is red in colour. 

(d) (i) What is soil erosion? 

    (ii) Mention two causes of soil erosion in India. 

 

Q. 5 (a) (i) Name an area in India where Tropical Monsoon forest is found. 

     (ii) How is this forest of great commercial value to India? 

(b) With reference to Littoral forest, answer the following questions: 

     (i) Why do the trees in this forest grow aerial roots? 

     (ii) Name one area in India where this forest is found. 

(c) (i) Name a state in India where thorn and scrub forest is found. 

     (ii) Give two ways by which the trees that are found here have adapted to the climate. 

(d) (i) Give two ways in which forests are important. 

     (ii) Mention one forest conservation method followed in India. 

 

Q. 6 (a) There is plenty of rain in India during the rainy season, yet we need irrigation.    

      Give two reasons to support this statement. 

(b) (i) Name three traditional means of irrigation.  

     (ii) Give a reason why traditional means of irrigation are still important in most parts of India. 

(c) (i) Differentiate between Surface water and Ground water. 

     (ii) Mention two reasons to explain as to why we are facing water scarcity in recent times. 

(d) (i) What is rain water harvesting? 

     (ii) What are the advantages of rain water harvesting? 

     (iii) Name two water harvesting systems practised in India. 

 

Q. 7 (a) Give two advantages that non-conventional energy sources have over conventional energy sources. 

(b) (i) Mention one advantage of the use of natural gas over coal or petroleum. 

     (ii) Name one off shore oil field of India. 

(c) Answer the following: 

     (i) State one industrial use of copper. 

     (ii) Mention one advantage of generating power from bio-gas. 

     (iii) Name the mineral that toughens steel and makes it rust-proof. 

(d) (i) Name the metal obtained from Bauxite.  

         Give any one use of the metal mentioned by you. 

    (ii) Which multi-purpose project provides power to both Punjab and Himachal Pradesh? 

 

Q. 8 (a) With reference to the cultivation of tea answer the following: 

     (i) Why is tea grown on hill slopes? 

     (ii) Why tea bushes have to be pruned at regular intervals? 

(b) With reference to rice cultivation answer the following: 

      (i) Why does the cultivation of rice require a lot of manual labour? 

      (ii) Mention two geographical conditions which suit the cultivation of rice. 

(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: 

      (i) Cotton is a labour intensive crop. 

      (ii) Jute is retted after it has been harvested. 

      (iii) The growing of pulses is important in India. 

(d) (i) Why is agriculture important in India? 

      (ii) Name the two main agricultural seasons of India. 

      (iii) What is mixed farming? 

 

Q. 9 (a) (i) Name the private sector iron and steel plant of India.  

      (ii) From where does it get its supply of: 

          1. Iron ore  

          2. Manganese 

          3. Coal? 

(b) Mention any two problems faced by the cotton textile industry of India. 

(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: 

    (i) Silk industry is doing particularly well in Karnataka. 

   (ii) Petrochemical products are gaining popularity in modern times. 

    (iii) The electronics industry is proving to be an asset for our country in the Field of education. 

(d) Name the following: 

      (i) A city most famous for electronics and hence called “The Electronics Capital  of India”. 

      (ii) The location of an iron and steel industry set up with German collaboration. 

      (iii) A by-product of sugar industry which is used in the manufacture of wax and  shoe polish. 

 

Q. 10 (a) Give two reasons for the “means of transport” being called the lifelines of a nation’s economy. 

(b) Give two ways in which rail transport is useful for the people of India. 

(c) (i) State one advantage of inland waterways. 

     (ii) State one advantage of roadways. 

     (iii) State one disadvantage of water transport. 

(d) Give three reasons as to why airways are becoming a popular means of transport in modern India. 

 

Q. 11 (a) Give two reasons as to why there is a need for safe waste disposal. 

(b) How can waste be reused? Explain with the help of an example. 

(c) Mention one way in which waste accumulation has an effect on the following:   

     (i) aquatic life 

     (ii) terrestrial life 

     (iii) landscape 

(d) What do you mean by the following terms? 

     (i) Segregation. 

    (ii) Composting. 

    (iii) Dumping. 

GEOGRAPHY 

H.C.G. – Paper – 2 

PART I 

Q.1 Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45 D/10 and answer the following  questions:  

(a) (i) Give the six-figure grid reference for the temple that is located to the south west of Pithapura settlement. 

     (ii) Give the four-figure grid reference for a settlement where people of the region  meet socially and for trade at least once in a year. 

(b) (i) What is the pattern of drainage seen in the grid square 2118? 

     (ii) What is the pattern of settlement seen in the grid square 1923? 

(c) What do each of the two numbers (281 printed in black colour and 20 printed in red colour) in the grid square 1818 indicate? 

(d) (i) Name any two man-made features in grid square 2419. 

      (ii) Name any two natural features in grid square 2118. 

(e) What is the significance of the following? 

      (i) Fire line in grid square 2417. 

      (ii) Water body found in grid square 2221. 

(f) Calculate the area of the region between 16 and 19 Eastings and 18 and 22 

     Northings. Give your answer in kilometre square. 

(g) Give a reason for each of the following: 

      (i) The water in some of the wells in the north west quarter of the map is not fit for drinking. 

      (ii) The region near Anadra and Gulabganj has many causeways. 

(h) (i) What is the main means of irrigation used by people living in the area Shown on the map? 

      (ii) What is the main occupation of the people of the region shown on the map?

(i) Which according to you is the most important settlement? Give a reason to support your answer. 

(j) Name any two means of transport used by the people living in the area shown on  the map extact. 

 

Q.2 On the outline map of India provided: 

(a) Shade and label the Gangetic Plain. 

(b) Shade and label an area of laterite soil in North India.

(c) Mark and label the Karakoram Mountains. 

(d) Mark and name the Palk Strait. 

(e) Shade and label the river Cauveri. 

(f) Mark and name Mumbai. 

(g) Mark and name the Nathu La Pass. 

(h) Mark and name Digboi. 

(i) Shade and name the Deccan Plateau. 

(j) Shade and label the river Jhelum. 

Index No.……………………………………………. UID…………………………….. 

(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers) 

                          Map of India

 

 

PART II 

Q.3 (a) (i) What type of wind is ‘Monsoon’? What is its direction during summer?

      (ii) Mention two characteristics of the Indian monsoon. 

(b) With reference to the summer season in India, answer the following questions: 

       (i) Mention the duration of the summer season in India.  

       (ii) What is the atmospheric pressure condition during summer season over The central part of India? 

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: 

       (i) Goa receives heavier rainfall than Puducherry. 

       (ii) Mawsynram receives the highest average annual rainfall. 

       (iii) Mangaluru is cooler than Delhi in summer season. 

(d) Study the data of distribution of temperature and rain for Station X and answer the questions that follow: 

Month	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC
Temp. °C	10	11	23	35	39	42	40	33	30	25	13	11
Rainfall Cm	2	1	0	5	15	62	71	81	59	12	10	3

     (i) Is Station X in the coastal area or in the interior of the country? 

     (ii) Calculate the total annual rainfall for Station X. 

     (iii) Name the wind that brings most of the rainfall to Station X.  

 

Q.4 (a) (i) Name the Indian soil which is formed due to the weathering of basic igneous rocks. 

     (ii) Name two states of India where this type of soil is found. 

(b) Name the following: 

     (i) An important transported soil of India. 

     (ii) Soil that is rich in iron oxide. 

(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: 

     (i) Terrace farming is an ideal soil conservation method for hilly regions. 

     (ii) Dry farming is preferred in areas with red soil. 

     (iii) Wind is a common agent of soil erosion in arid regions. 

(d) Briefly answer the following: 

     (i) Mention one way in which man is responsible for soil erosion. 

     (ii) How can deepening of the river bed help in preventing soil erosion? 

     (iii) Mention a physical characteristic of Laterite soil. 

 

Q.5 (a) Give two reasons to explain as to why we need to conserve our forest resource. 

(b) (i) Mention two conditions required for the growth of Littoral Forest.

      (ii) State one characteristic feature of the forest found in the Nilgiri Hills. 

(c) (i) Give two reasons to explain as to why the Tropical Evergreen Forests are difficult to exploit for commercial purpose. 

     (ii) Name any two trees found in Tropical Evergreen forests. 

(d) Briefly explain each of the following:  

     (i) The trees in the Tropical Desert Forest have stunted growth.  

     (ii) There is a gradual increase in the forest cover in India in recent times.  

     (iii) The trees in Monsoon Deciduous forests, shed their leaves for about 6-8 weeks  during March and April. 

Q.6 (a) “The modern means of irrigation are gaining popularity.” Give two reasons to justify this statement. 

(b) Mention two factors that favour the development of tube well irrigation in Punjab.

(c) Give a reason for each of the following:  

      (i) Most of the South Indian states are not suitable for development of canal  irrigation.  

     (ii) There is an urgent need for water conservation in India. 

     (iii) Development of irrigation is essential for the growth of the agriculture sector of India. 

(d) Briefly explain the following terms: 

    (i) Inundation canal. 

   (ii) Rooftop rainwater harvesting. 

   (iii) Surface water. 

 

Q.7 (a) Give two advantages of using bio-gas as a source of power. 

(b) Name the following: 

     (i) A metallic mineral for which the Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh is famous. 

     (ii) The multi-purpose project based on the River Sutlej. 

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: 

      (i) Odisha has benefited greatly from the Hirakud project. 

     (ii) Copper is used to make electric wires.  

     (iii) India’s location is advantageous for the generation of solar power. 

(d) Briefly answer the following: 

     (i) Name a mineral used to generate nuclear power.  

     (ii) Why is petroleum often referred to as “liquid gold”? 

     (iii) State one disadvantage of using coal as a source of power. 

 

Q.8 (a) Mention two steps taken by the government to boost agricultural production in India. 

(b) (i) Name two varieties of millet grown in India.  

      (ii) What is the soil requirement for growing millet? 

(c) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow: 

     (i) Mention the climatic condition that is suitable for the cultivation of this crop. 

      (ii) Name the state that produces the largest amount of this crop. 

      (iii) In which cropping season is this crop grown in India? 

(d) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:  

      (i) Cultivation of wheat is confined to the northern part of India.  

     (ii) Practicing mixed farming gives security to farmers. 

    (iii) Ratoon cropping is gaining popularity among sugarcane cultivators. 

 

Q.9 (a) Where do the following iron and steel plants get their supply of iron ore from? 

     (i) Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant. 

     (ii) Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant. 

(b) ‘Karnataka has developed as an important state for the growth of the Silk industry.’Give two reasons to justify the statement. 

(c) With reference to sugar industries answer the following questions:

    (i) Why should these industries be located close to the sugarcane growing areas?

   (ii) Name two by-products of the sugar industry. 

   (iii) Mention one leading sugar producing state in North India and one in South India. 

(d) Give a reason for each of the following: 

    (i) Ahmedabad is an important cotton textile producing centre in India. 

    (ii) Cottage industries are significant for our economy 

   (iii) Petrochemical industries are usually located close to the oil refineries. 

 

Q.10 (a) “Roadways are an important means of transport in India”. Give two reasons to justify the statement. 

(b) (i) Why are South Indian rivers not ideal for the inland water transport? 

      (ii) Mention one advantage of coastal shipping.  

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: 

      (i) Nearly seventy percent of Indians do not use air transport. 

     (ii) A well-developed transport network is important for industrial growth. 

     (iii) Water transport is not as popular as land transport in India.  

(d) (i) “The railway is an important means of transport as compared to airways.” State two reasons to support the statement. 

    (ii) Mention one disadvantage of rail transport. 

 

Q.11 (a) What impact does the waste accumulation have on the following? 

     (i) Quality of air around us. 

     (ii) Quality of water around us. 

(b) Mention two ways in which the decomposition of waste in open areas can affect human health. 

(c) (i) What can an individual do to reduce waste at home? 

      (ii) Why must segregation of waste be done before disposal? 

      (iii) How has composting proven to be a great help in managing waste? 

(d) Give a reason for each of the following: 

      (i) Trees must be planted in the industrial areas. 

     (ii) Chemical fertilizers must be replaced by organic manure.  

    (iii) Plastic and polythene products must be banned.