Category: CBSE

English 12th Previous Year Question Paper 2019 SET-I (CBSE)

English

SECTION – A

(READING) 30

Q.1. Read the passage given below and answer the Questions that follow: [20]

1. The sage of science, Einstein, was sitting in a depressive and pensive mood one evening. His eyes were brimming with tears. The pain was evident on his face. He peeped out of the window of his room. The sun had set a few minutes back. The sky was filled with a reddish glow. At this sunset, he felt that it was humanity that had sunk into devilish darkness and the reddish glow in the sky was the blood of humanity spilling all over the sky from earth. With tired steps, he walked back to his chair and settled down. It was the 9th of August 1945. Three days back, he had felt the same agony as if someone had tom him apart. He was deeply hurt and depressed when he heard on the radio that America had dropped an atom bomb on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Today, within three days another bomb was dropped on another city, Nagasaki and lakhs of people had been killed.

2. He had heard that the blast released so much energy that it had paled all past destructions in comparison and death had played out a pitiable dance of destruction. The flames that broke out of the bomb were burning, melting and exploding buildings. Scared of the heat of the bomb, people had jumped into lakes and rivers, but the water was boiling and the people too were burnt and killed. The animals in the water were already boiled to death. Animals, trees, herbs, fragrant flowering plants were all turned into ashes. The atomic energy destruction had just not stopped there. It had entered the atmosphere there and had spread radiation that would affect people for generations to come and would also bring about destructive irreversible biological change in animals and plants.

3. As the news of the atomic attack reached Einstein, and he became aware of the glaring horror of the abuse of atomic energy, his distress and restlessness knew no bounds. He could not control himself and picked up his violin to turn his mind on to other things. While playing the violin, he tried to dissolve his distress in its sad notes, but couldn’t. He was burning on the embers of destruction; his heart was filled with an ocean of agony and tears just continued streaming uncontrollably out of his eyes. Night had fallen. His daughter came up and asked him to eat something as he had not taken anything for the last four days. His voice was restrained and he said, “I don’t feel like eating.”

4. He could not sleep that night. Lying down, he was thinking how he had drawn the attention of the then American President Roosevelt towards the destructive powers of an atomic bomb. He had thought that this would be used to scare Hitler and put an end to the barbarism that Hitler was up to. However, Roosevelt kept him in the dark and made false promises. Eventually, he had abused Einstein’s equation of E = mc2that resulted in the destructive experiments. His actions had made science and scientists as murderers. Einstein kept on thinking for a long time. Eventually, he slipped into sleep. When he woke up at dawn, there was a new dawn in him too. The atomic threat had transformed his heart.

5. The next day, he decided to disassociate himself from the scientific policy of the government and all governmental institutions. He decided to open educational institutions for children, adolescents and youth—institutions where along with science, spirituality will be compulsorily taught.

6. To inaugurate this institution, he had invited two great philosophers, Bertrand Russell and Albert Schweitzer. Ten other great scientists who had own Nobel Prizes in different fields were also invited. They all saw a different Einstein, not a great scientist but a sage in him. The institution was opened by garlanding a photo of Mahatma Gandhi. While garlanding the Mahatma, he became emotional and said with a lump in his throat, “I bow down to the great man who fought for the independence of his country through non-violence. He could do so because he was a truthful man and true spiritualist.”

7. Those who teach science should be taught, spirituality too. Without harmony between science and spirituality, the destruction would continue unabated. A few years after this institution was built, a Japanese delegation came to meet him. Einstein broke down in the meeting and said. “You can give me any punishment and I will accept it. Anyway, I have decided to lead my life in penitence.” The Japanese were moved by this sincerity and forgot their grief.

 

Q.1.1.On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, answer each of the Questions given below by choosing the most appropriate option : [1 × 5 = 5]

(a) Besides two great philosophers how many other scientists were invited by Einstein to inaugurate the institution where spirituality would be compulsorily taught?

(i) Five

(ii) Ten

(iii) Eight

(iv) Fifteen

Answer:

(ii) Ten

 

(b) Which musical instrument did Einstein play when he was in grief?

(i) Harmonium

(ii) Guitar

(iii) Violin

(iv) Flute

Answer:

(iii) Violin

 

(c) Einstein came to know that America had dropped an atom bomb on the Japanese city, Hiroshima through

(i) television

(ii) newspaper

(iii) radio

(iv) a telephonic message

Answer:

(iii) Radio

 

(d) Which American President was told about the destructive power of an atomic bomb?

(i) Kennedy

(ii) Bill Clinton

(iii) Lincoln

(iv) Roosevelt

Answer:

(iv) Roosevelt.

 

(e) Einstein said to the Japanese delegation,

 (i) “You can give me any punishment and I will accept it.”

(ii) “I am not at fault.”

(iii) “What could I do?”

(iv) “The President didn’t agree to my advice.”

Answer:

(i) “You can give me any punishment and I will accept it.”

 

Q.1.2.Answer the following Questions briefly: [1 × 6 = 6]

(a) What did Einstein do to overcome his distress after getting the news of the atomic attack?

(b) Which event in 1945, according to Einstein, turned science and scientists into murderers?

(c) What did Einstein do to show his displeasure over the atomic attack?

(d) Whose photo was garlanded at the inauguration of Einstein’s institute for children, adolescents and youth?

(e) Name the philosophers that Einstein invited to inaugurate the new institution.

(f) Why did Einstein want harmony between science and spirituality while teaching in educational institutes?

 

Answer:

(a) Einstein was extremely distressed after getting the news of the atomic attack. To distract his mind from this serious news, he picked up his violin and began playing sad notes on it. He did not even eat for four days.

(b) In 1945, America had dropped atom bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombs made to scare Hitler and put an end to barbarism had been misused to kill many innocent lives. This event according to Einstein, turned science and scientists into murders.

(c) To show his displeasure over the atomic attack, Einstein decided to disassociate himself from the scientific policy of the government and all its institutions. He decided to open educational institutions where science and spirituality would be compulsorily taught to children, adolescents and youth.

(d) The photo of Mahatma Gandhi was garlanded at the inauguration of Einstein’s institute for children, adolescents and youth.

(e) Two great philosophers, Bertrand Russell and Albert Schweitzer were invited by Einstein to inaugurate the new institution.

(f) Einstein’s fear of destruction due to the atomic bomb attacks transformed his thinking. He felt the need for bonding between science and spirituality to bring about harmony. This could bring a decrease in destruction of life and peace would prevail in the world.

 

Q.1.3.Answer any three of the following Questions in 25-30 word each: [2 × 3 = 6]

(a) What did Einstein feel while looking at the sunset from his room’s window? 

(b) Give a brief description of the disaster when the atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city, Nagasaki.

(c) What did Einstein think of Mahatma Gandhi?

(d) What was Einstein’s reaction when the Japanese delegation met him?

Answer:

(a) Einstein with tears brimming from his eyes and pain evident in his face, peeped out of the window of his room. Looking at the sunset, he felt the sinking of humanity into a devilish darkness and the reddish glow in the sky felt like human blood spilling all over the sky from the earth. He was tom apart.

(b) The explosion at Nagasaki caused death, burning, melting and exploding of buildings. The water in the lakes and rivers was boiled hot leading humans as well as aquatic animals to death. All living and non-living things were turned into ashes.

(c) Einstein thought of Mahatma Gandhi as a great man who used non-violence as his tool while fighting for his country’s independence. Einstein referred to the Mahatma as a truthful and spiritualist man.

(d) Einstein, on meeting the Japanese delegation, broke down and announced that he was ready for any punishment given to him. He also spoke of his decision to lead the rest of his life in penitence.

 

Q.1.4. Find words/phrases from the passage which are similar in meaning to each of the following : 

(a) mental pain (para 1)

(b) agreement (para 7)

(c) regret/remorse (para 7)

Answer:

(a) agony

(b) harmony

(c) penitence

 

Q.2. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the Questions that follow: 

1. To live in harmony with oneself and the environment is the wish of every human. However, in modem times greater physical and emotional demands are constantly placed upon many areas of life. More and more people suffer from physical and mental tension such as stress, anxiety, insomnia, and there is an imbalance in physical activity and proper exercise. This is why methods and techniques for the attainment and improvement of health, as well as physical, mental and spiritual harmony, are of great importance, and Yoga meets this requirement.

2. The word “Yoga” originates from Sanskrit and means “to join, to unite”. Yoga exercises have a holistic effect and bring body, mind, consciousness and soul into a balance. In this way Yoga assists us in coping with everyday demands, problems and worries. Yoga helps to develop a greater understanding of our self, the purpose of life and our relationship with God.

3. On the spiritual path, Yoga leads us to supreme knowledge and eternal bliss in the union of the individual Self with the universal Self. Yoga is that supreme, cosmic principle. It is the light of life, the universal creative consciousness that is always awake and never sleeps, that always was, always is, always will be.

4. Many thousands of years ago in India, Rishis (wise men and saints) explored nature and the eosmos in their meditations. They discovered the laws of the material and spiritual realms and gained an insight into the connection within the universe. They investigated the cosmic laws, the laws of nature and the elements, life on earth and the powers and energies at work in the universe—both in the external world and on a spiritual level. The unity of matter and energy, the origin of the universe and the effects of the elementary powers have been described and explained in the Vedas. Much of this knowledge has been rediscovered and confirmed by modem science.

5. From these experiences and insight a far-reaching and comprehensive system known as Yoga originated and gave us valuable, practical instructions for the body, breathing, concentration, relaxation and meditation. The system “Yoga in Daily Life” is taught worldwide in Yoga Centres, Adult Education Centres, Health Institutions, Fitness and Sports Clubs, Rehabilitation Centres and Health Resorts. It is suitable for all age groups—the name itself indicates that Yoga can be and should be used “in Daily Life”.

6. The exercise levels have been worked out in consultation with doctors and physiotherapists and can therefore — with observation of the stated rules and precautions—be practiced independently at home by anyone. “Yoga in Daily Life” is a holistic system, which means it takes into consideration not only the physical, but also the mental and spiritual aspects. Positive thinking, perseverance, discipline, orientation towards the Supreme, prayer as well as kindness and understanding form the way to Self-Knowledge and Self-Realisation.

 

Q.2.1. On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. 

 

Q.2.2. Write a summary of the above passage in about 100 words. 

Answer: TITLE : YOGA IN DAILY LIFE

1. Need for Yoga

   (i) Decreases mental and physical stress in daily life

   (ii) Attnt. and improv. of physical and mental health and spiritual harmony

2. Benefits of Yoga

  (i) Bal. of body, mind, consciousness and soul

  (ii) Cope with daily probs.

  (iii) Supreme knwldg. of union of indvl. self and univ. Self

3. Practice of Yoga

   (i) Practical instructions for – body, breathing, concentration, relaxation, meditation

   (ii) Taught worldwide in Yoga Centres, Health Institutions, Rehabilitation Centres etc.

4. Yoga in daily life

   (i) Use of yoga daily for positivity in life

  (ii) Holistic system, considers physical, mental and spiritual aspects

SUMMARY:

Today, people face greater physical and mental problems in their daily lives. These problems are related to lack of physical, mental and spiritual harmony. Yoga helps bridge this gap. “Yoga” originated from a Sanskrit word that means “to join” or “to unite”. Yoga exercises balance of body, mind, consciousness and soul. This in a way, helps us to tackle various problems that afflict us in our day-to-day life. The practice of Yoga has been prevalent since ancient times as prescribed in the Vedas. “Yoga in daily life” provides practical instructions for the body, breathing, concentration, relaxation and meditation. Yoga paves the way from self-knowledge to self-realization.

 

SECTION – B

(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Q.3. You are Dhruv/Deepa. Your father, Shri Dheeraj Garg of Gurugram wants you to draft an invitation to be sent to friends and relatives on the occasion of your elder sister’s marriage. Prepare the invitation giving necessary details in not more than 50 words. 

OR

Q.3.Water is precious and each one of us must stop its wastage to avoid its scarcity in the near future. Prepare a poster requesting people of your colony to adopt means to save water, prevent its wastage, etc. You are Rama/Rohan of Ashima Vihar, Saket, Ahmedabad. (50 words)

Answer:

OR

 

 

Q.4. Kerala was badly hit by floods due to heavy rains. Even today the victims are suffering financially, physically and mentally. Write a letter in 120 – 150 words to the Editor. ‘The Times of Kerala’ giving details of the loss of life and property. Also, make an appeal to the people and the Government to provide help and relief to the afflicted. You are Varun/ Vandana, 31 Shastri Nagar, Trichi.

OR

Q.4. You are Shobha/Sushil from 56, A BIOCK, Saket, Agra. Write an application along with a personal resume in 120-150 words in response to the following advertisement.

Wanted an experienced hockey coach having B.P.Ed Degree for our school. Apply to the Principal, Agarsen Public School, Agra by 15th March, 2019.

Answer:

31 Shastri Nagar,

Trichi

3rd March 20XX

The Editor

The Times of Kerala

Thiruvandapuram

Subject: Relief for survivors of floods in Kerala

Sir/Madam,

Through the columns of your esteemed and widely read newspaper, I would like to highlight the present conditions of the people affected by the floods that devastated Kerala last year.

The floods that caused a lot of death and destruction in ‘God’s own land, has left behind a trail of victims a year after it wreaked havoc in the state. These survivors of the flood are still struggling to deal with the consequences on their own. They are dealing with the physical damage as well as the mental and emotional trauma that comes with having survived the event without those that are dear to them. These people have lost their livelihood and some have even lost mobility and structure.

I request you to highlight their plight in the newspaper. They are in need of the basic necessities and more. Any help offered by the government and the people reading this, would make a world of change in their lives.

Yours respectfully,

Varun/Vandana

 

OR

 

56, A Block, Saket Agra

10th March 20XX

The Principal

Agarsen Public School

Agra

Subject : Application for the post of hockey coach.

Sir/Madam,

In response to your advertisement in the Indian Express dated 5th March, 20XX for the position of hockey coach, I hereby offer my candidature for the same. I believe that my experience and background fit your requirements for the position.

I have had the pleasure to be the hockey coach at St. Stephen’s College, Delhi for the last five years and the pleasure of assisting the esteemed coach Pramod Srivastav at Tripti High School for four years as well. I have two Bachelor’s degrees, one in Physical education and another in Education. Coaching students has been my passion and I am sure that I can work well with the team. Both the teams I have worked with previously have been able to play in multiple competitions statewide. I have received positive feedback from the students, the parents and the school.You may call me for an interview on any date as per your convenience. I shall be able to join my duties at one month’s notice if appointed. As requested, I have enclosed my resume with this letter.

Yours sincerely,

Shobha /Sushil

Encl.: Resume

RESUME

 

Q.5. You are concerned about the cleanliness of parks, roads and even your school premises. In spite of various measures taken by local and school administration, lack of cleanliness is still a problem. You are Namita/Keshav. Prepare a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly of your school on the topic, ‘Cleanliness is the Responsibility of All. 

OR

Q.5. Write a debate in 150 – 200 words either for or against the motion: ‘Stray dogs should not be put to sleep’.

Answer: 

CLEANLINESS IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL

Honorable Principal, teachers and all my dear friends, Good Morning to all!I am Keshav/Namita of class XII C. It’s a great honour for me to stand before everyone and deliver a speech on the importance of cleanliness. Today, I would like to address the idea of cleanliness in our locality. Specifically, I would like to talk about cleanliness in public spaces such as parks and roads as well as other spaces that host large groups of people simultaneously such as our school.

Local authorities have taken various measures to combat this issue of keeping an area clean by fining people for littering in public spaces and banning defecation in open spaces. The school also has rules regarding cleanliness and certain punishments for littering. However, I feel that these don’t seem as useful because the job of cleaning up has been left to the custodians, both in school and in these public spaces. It is a state of sorry to see people twice our age cleaning up after the future citizens of a country. It is important for us, as students to start realizing that cleanliness of a space is not a job that we should be pushing onto other people, but something we should be doing as a personal responsibility as good citizens.

It is important that each of us as citizens do our part in maintaining the cleanliness of our surroundings. It can be as simple as picking up any piece of paper we drop or making sure that the things we are throwing away are inside the wastebaskets. These small steps can have a large impact, so to all of us, I say it is time for us to stop thinking of the idea of cleanliness and start doing what we can to make a clean and healthy environment a reality. Thank you.

OR

 

STRAY DOGS SHOULD NOT BE PUT TO SLEEP

Honourable judges, teachers and my worthy opponents. A very good morning to all of you gathered here. Today, I am glad to have the opportunity to speak for the topic “Stray Dogs Should Not Be Put To Sleep”. This topic is one that can be emotional to many. I shall be focusing on both the emotional and factual aspects of this topic.

The saying “a dog is man’s best friend” has been around for centuries. For years, we have taken care of them and they have been nothing but loyal to us. They don’t demand much from us except for love and attention. The stray dogs that roam in the streets should be seen from another point of view they are as the dogs that have not had the love and care that animals need to survive. Their aggressiveness comes from a place of fear for those who have hurt them, thrown stones at them and yelled at them multiple times. Had people seen these vulnerable creatures and shown them affection and care, then they would not need to be treated in such a harsh manner. Studies have shown that most stray dogs have lesser health problems and are friendlier when given love and attention. Maintaining these breeds who are well-adjusted to the Indian climate is less costly than getting a costly breed. I believe that the issue of having strays on the roads could have been tackled with a little love and care. They wouldn’t have been strays in the first place if we were more accommodating to this breed. So, extermination is not the right solution. Instead, we should spread awareness about these beautiful God’s creation and encourage people to adopt them.

In conclusion, I would like to point out that putting down animals that have never had the opportunity to be loved as they should have because of decisions made by humans, is a selfish act.

 

Q.6. Abundance of advertisements in newspapers, magazines and even on television is a wastage of both time and money of readers and viewers. You are Shobha/Sameer. Write an article in 150 – 200 words on the topic, ‘Excessive Use of Advertisements in Media’. 

OR

Q.6. An NGO, ‘Health for All’ organised a health check-up camp in a slum at Amritsar. You are Ruchika/Raunak, and you visited the camp. Write a report in 150-200 words covering arrangements such as registration, check-up, tests carried out, etc.

Answer:

EXCESSIVE USE OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN MEDIA

By Shobha/Sameer, XIIA

Mark Twain once said, “Many a small thing has been made large by the right kind of advertising”. Today’s media platforms contain more ads than the content itself and this applies to all form of media that we choose to entertain ourselves with. To the media, advertising is more profitable than the content they provide.

Televisions today show more advertisements than the actual content and newspapers contain more ads per page than it does the actual information. Magazines are even more confusing, often giving articles that serve no purpose other than to convince the reader to buy the product advertised on the next page. These advertisements waste the money of those who have subscribed to the product or service for the sake of information. Furthermore, it is statistically shown that the advertisements make people believe that they are missing out on trends leading to excessive consumerism and materialism.

Taking everything into account, it is important to note that reducing the amount of advertising present in the media might have a positive impact. Perhaps, the space allotted to advertisements can be kept as a percentage of information and content presented in order to ensure that the content takes precedence over the advertisements.

OR

 

HEALTH CHECK UP CAMP IN A SLUM

By Ruchika/Raunak

Amritsar, March 20XX : A health camp was organised in a slum in Amritsar by the NGO ‘Health for All.’ The camp was set up in such a way that each person who opted to get the health checkup first had to register at the counter by giving his name and age. Once the check-up was completed, the people were requested to submit the forms at the registration desk.

Upon registration, the people were required to visit a general physician, a dentist, and an optometrist. Once the available doctors had examined them, the participants were required to get a blood test done. For most people tested, it was a basic work-up of their non-fasting blood sugar and other related tests. However, for those who suffered from other diseases, the doctors made a note of it in the form given to them, requesting specific tests be done to understand the severity of the condition. Financing for additional tests were also covered by the medical laboratories associated with the NGO.

The results of these tests shall be available to the NGO in a few weeks’ time and then the doctors and volunteers will return to the slum to treat or advice as necessary to the participants that require it. It was refreshing to see a huge tum-up for this eye-opening event.

 

SECTION-C

(LITERATURE : TEXTBOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT) 40

Q.7.Read the extract given below and answer the Questions that follow : [1 × 4=4]

Perhaps the Earth can teach us

as when everything seems dead

and later proves to be alive.

Now I’ll count up to twelve

and you keep quiet and I will go.

(a) Name the poem and its poet. [1]

(b) What does the Earth teach us? [1]

(c) What does the poet want to achieve by counting up to twelve? [1]

(d) Give an example of what now seems to be dead but later on becomes alive. [1]

 

OR

 

A thing of beauty is a joy forever

Its loveliness increases, it will never

Pass into nothingness; but will keep

A bower quiet for us, and a sleep

Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.

(a) Name the poem and its poet. [1]

(b) How does a thing of beauty remain a joy forever? [1]

(c) Explain : ‘never pass into nothingness’. [1]

(d) How does the bower help us in our life? Give two examples. [1]

 

Answer :

(a) The poem is ‘Keeping Quiet’ and the poet is Pablo Neruda.

(b) The earth teaches us to be patient, productive and to live in tranquility.

(c) The poet wants to enlighten us on the importance of patience and meditation by counting up to twelve. By remaining still and through reasoning, we can achieve to be positive and overthrow the negativity within us.(d) A seed when falls into the earth and dies, grows into a plant which bears fruit, gives shade when it grows into a tree, and helps the environment.

OR

(a) The poem is ‘A Thing of Beauty’ and the poet is John Keats.

(b) A thing of beauty is eternal as it revives our memories and leaves a positive influence on our minds. As time passes by, its beauty only increases with time. This only helps in providing everlasting joy to the eye of the beholder.

(c) Joy that lasts in beauty is everlasting, its importance never diminishes but grows with time.

(d) Bower is a peaceful dwelling place that helps us is our life. Under the shade of the tree, it provides us protection from the sun and rain. It is also a safe and quiet place for rest and meditation.

 

Q.8.Answer any four of the following Questions in 30 – 40 words each : [3 × 4 = 12]

(a) ‘Garbage to them is gold.’ Why does the author say so about the ragpickers of Seemapuri?

(b) Which two incidents in Douglas’ early life made him scared of water ?

(c) Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?

(d) “It ate my face up. It ate me up.” Who said these words? Why?

(e) Why did Evans not take off his hat when Jackson ordered him to do so?

(f) Why did Zitkala-Sa resist the shingling of her hair?

 

Answer:

(a) Rag picking is a means of survival to the ragpickers of Seemapuri. They sell all that they pick from the heap of garbage in exchange for money to meet their needs. At times, they even find currency notes and coins in it. To these ragpickers, garbage is equivalent to treasures of gold.

(b) At the age of three or four, Douglas was knocked down by strong waves of the Yakima river. As a result, Douglas was almost buried Under water, and got breathless. Later, at the age of ten or eleven, he was tossed in the YMCA pool by a senior where he ended up swallowing water. These two incidents played a powerful role in developing Douglas’ aversion to water.

(c) The crofter was a lonely old man living all alone with no family. He craved for a human company. Therefore, when the peddler requested the old man for shelter, the old man, in his generosity and need for someone to talk, welcomed the peddler for supper.

(d) Derry showing his inferiority complex, says these words since he is often singled out by people as an ugly poor boy due to his acid- burnt face. As a result of his injury and the behavior of the people in his community, he looks down upon him self as an outcast.

(e) Evans had long wavy hair and covered it with a hat as after the exam he was going to impersonate Mcleery and escape from the prison. Mcleery had short hair so Evans had cropped up his hair and did it under the hat. He confided in Jackson that the hat was the only lucky charm that had brought him luck in his life and so refused to take off his hat.

(f) Zitkala-Sa had learned from her mother that hair shingling was done only to unskilled captured warriors by the enemy. In her family, short hair was considered to be a sign of mourning and cowardice.

 

Q.9. Answer any one of the following Questions in 120 -150 words : [6]

(a) Everybody during the last lesson was filled with regret. Comment.

(b) Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence?

(c) It is not unusual for a lower middle class girl to dream big. How unrealistic were Sophie’s dreams?

 

Answer:

(a) The story, “The Last Lesson” is set during the Franco-Prussian War when the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine passed into the hands of Prussia. The Prussian government then made the declaration that only German was to be taught in the schools in Alsace and Lorraine. This order affected the local public badly and each one of them was repenting for wasting time and not learning French. Each person in the class was filled with regret. The French language teacher, M. Hamel felt guilty for sending his students to complete his personal tasks. The parents of the students never bothered to send their children to class but instead preferred that the children work on the farm or at mills. Even the older people in the room like old Hauser, the former mayor, the former postman and other elders of the village showed regret on neither learning French themselves nor encouraging their children to learn the language.

(b) India was under the suzerainty of the British power for more than a hundred years before the incident at Champaran. The people of India were tired of the unjust rules and policies of the British. The landlords at Champaran were forced to grow indigo in 15% of the available land and then surrender the entire harvest as rent. When the peasants learned about the development of synthetic indigo, they demanded for their money. Gandhiji managed to get the amount back and provided courage to the peasants. The incident at Champaran was an attempt to alleviate the distress of large numbers of poor people. At Champaran, Gandhiji received the support of thousands of people. The peasants became aware of their rights, grew more courageous and began to contribute to the movement. Gandhiji successfully implemented the method of non-violence and non-cooperation. Therefore, it can be said that the Champaran episode is the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence.

(c) Sophie the protagonist of the story “Going Places” comes from a lower middle-class background and like most girls, she tends to have escapist tendencies. Her background limits her aims and ambitions. Comparatively, her best friend Jansie and her family try to limit her from day dreaming. Sophie dreams of things that she cannot have like buying a boutique. When Q .ed about how she would go about achieving this dream, she mentions that she would do that through a manager job like Mary Quant or by being an actress, or a fashion designer. She constantly dreams of upgrading her life despite the unrealistic demands of her dreams. The sad reality is that these unrealistic dreams simply distract a person from their goals. It makes a person crave for excuses and separates them from the realities of the world. Sophie’s dreams and ambitions coupled with her crush on Daney Casey are so unrealistic that they separate her from the realities of her world.

 

Q.10. Answer any one of the following Questions in 120-150 words: [6]

(a) Describe the efforts made by the Tiger King to achieve his target of killing a hundred tigers.

(b) Explain the reaction of Dr. Sadao’s servants when he decided to give shelter to an enemy in the house.

(c) Describe Jack’s art of storytelling.

 

Answer: 

(a) The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram was known as the Tiger King. At the time of his birth, the astrologers had declared that the prince would die one day. At that prophecy, the ten-day-old prince asked the astrologers to reveal the manner of his death. The wise men, though baffled by this miracle, declared that the prince’s death would come from a tiger. When the Prince came of age, he took matters in his own hands and killed a tiger. On sharing these details with the astrologer, he stated that it did not mean that the King was safe. As a matter of fact, he must be careful about the hundredth tiger. Thereafter, the King decided to kill a hundred tigers. He, thus, got the name ‘Tiger King’. In his initial years as a king, he killed around seventy tigers. He also killed around twenty-nine tigers in the forest belonging to his father-in-law. Somehow a hundredth tiger was arranged for him to kill but the tiger did not die when it was shot. Later, the soldiers killed the tiger and with this, the King achieved his dream of killing a hundred tigers.

(b) Dr Sadao Hoki resided along the coast in Japan with his wife Hana. During the war, he was not sent along with the other troupes because the General was under his treatment and needed Dr Sadao’s services. On one occasion, Dr Sadao saw an injured young American soldier in need of his help. He brought the soldier home and began treating him. The servants were frightened and puzzled. As a matter of fact, the old gardener declared that Dr Sadao ought not to heal the wound of that white man because he should have been dead also as he was their enemy. He also believed that the soldier was first shot and then the sea caught him and wounded him with her rocks. If Dr Sadao healed what the shot and the sea had done, then Dr Sadao and the servants would have to suffer. They were also skeptical because the man was their enemy and if the news of the man at the house spread, then their lives would be in danger. The servants finally chose to leave the house altogether.

(c) Storytelling is a ritual for Jack and his four-year-old daughter Jo. He aims to express his wisdom, art and creativity infused with cunningness through his stories. Jack begins his story telling sessions in the evenings and before Saturday naps. The originality of these stories are that they all revolve around a tiny creature called Roger. His stories more or less follow one pattern with minor variations depending on the theme for the day. Each story begins and describes a Roger who may be a squirrel, a fish or a chipmunk. The stories also have a wise owl and a magic wand wielding wizard. Each story is a lesson in morals. Jack successfully manages to capture the attention of his daughter because he understands her span of attention while using his creativity to create the desired effect. He can imitate different voices and uses this positive attribute to communicate his ideas in an enthusiastic manner. Each of these stories are his own invention and he uses this talent along with his other talent of adopting the right facial expressions to capture his daughter’s interest and provide life lessons along the way.

 

Q.11.Answer any one of the following Questions in 120-150 words : ** [6]

(a) Describe the burglary that took place at Mr. Bunting’s house. (The Invisible Man)

(b) How did Griffin move about in the village of lping?

(c) Why does Silas return to Lantern Yard after having lived and prospered at Raveloe? How does his visit prove useful to him?

(d) How was Silas transformed completely with the arrival of a child?

 

Q.12.Answer any one of the following Q .s in 120 -150 words : ** [6]

(a) Describe Nancy Lammeter’s personality and approach to life. (Silas Marner)

(b) Writer a character sketch of Godfrey Cass. (Silas Marner)

(c) Marval is the only character in ‘The Invisible Man’ who interacts with Griffin and gains something. Elaborate.

(d) How did Dr. Kemp use the information given to him by Griffin himself to get him arrested? Was he successful in doing so?

Science 10th Previous Year Question Paper 2018 (CBSE)

Science

Section – A

Q 1. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding pea plants bearing violet flowers with pea plant bearing white flowers. What will be the result in F1progeny? 

 

Q 2. Write the energy conversion that takes place in a hydropower plant.

 

Q 3. A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess cone, sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and Z’. Write the equation of the chemical reaction of the formation of ‘Y’ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the reaction.

 

Q 4. (a) Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor present in human beings.

              (b) Write a and b in the given flow chart of the neuron through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

Dendrite → a → b → End Point of Neuron

 

Q 5. If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always erect and diminished, what type of mirror is it? Draw a labeled ray diagram to support your answer.

 

Q 6. Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light, and electrictiy.

 

Q 7. 2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc metal taken in a test tube. When the contents are warmed a gas evolves which is bubbled through a soap solution before testing. Write the equation of the chemical reaction involved and the test to detect the gas. Name the gas which will be evolved when the same metal reacts with a dilute solution of a strong acid?

 

 OR

 

Q 7. The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy pakoras is 14. Identify the salt and write a chemical equation for its formation. List its two uses. 

 

Q 8.(a) Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity?

             (b) Write the name and structure of a saturated compound in which the carbon atoms have arranged a ring.                        Give the number of single bonds present in this compound.

 

Q 9. Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function of each:

  1. Thyroid
  2. Pituitary
  3. Pancreas

 

Q 10. Write one main difference between the asexual and sexual mode of reproduction. Which species is likely to have comparatively better chances of survival the one reproducing asexually or the one reproducing sexually ?

Give reasons to justify your answer.

 

Q 11. State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term absolute refractive index of a medium’ and write an expression to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum.

OR

What is meant by power of a lens ? Write its SI unit. 

A student uses a lens of focal length 40 cm and another of -20 cm. Write the nature and power of each lens. 

Q 12.Show how would you join three resistors, each of resistance 9 Ω so that the equivalent resistance of the combination is (a) 13.5 Ω (b) 6 Ω?

OR

(a) Write Joule’s law of heating.

(b) Two lamps, one rated 100 W; 220 V, and the other 60 W; 220 V, are connected in parallel to electric mains supply. Find the current drawn by two bulbs from the line, if the supply voltage is 220 V.

 

Q 13.(a) List the factors on which the resistance of a conductor in the shape of wire depends.

(b) Why are metals good conductors of electricity whereas glass is a bad conductor of electricity ? Give reason.

(c) Why are alloys commonly used in electrical heating devices ? Give reason.

 

Q 14.Students in a school listened to news read in the morning assembly that the mountains of garbage in Delhi, suddenly exploded and various vehicles got buried under it. Several people were also injured and there was a traffic jam all around. In the brain storming session the teacher also discussed this issue and asked the students to find out a solution to the problem of garbage. Finally they arrived at two main points—one is self management of the garbage we produce and the second is to generate less garbage at individual level.

(a) Suggest two measures to manage the garbage we produce.

(b) As an individual what can we do to generate the least garbage ? Give two points.

(c) List two values the teacher instilled in his students in this episode. 

 

Q 15.What is the dam ? Why do we seek to build large dams? While building large dams, which three main problems should particularly be addressed to maintain peace among local people? Mention them.

 

Q 16.(a) Write the steps involved in the extraction of pure metals in the middle of the activity series from carbonate ores.

(b) How is copper extracted from its sulfide ore? Explain the various steps supported by chemical equations. Draw labelled diagram for electrolytic refining of copper. 

 

Q 17. (a) The modern periodic table has been evolved through the early attempts of Dobereiner, Newland and Mendeleev. List one advantage and one limitation of all three attempts.

(b) Name the scientist who first of all showed that the atomic number of an element is a more fundamental property than its atomic mass.

(c) State Modern Periodic law. 

 

Q 18.(a) Mention any two components of blood.

(b) Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body.

(c) Write the function of valves present in between atria and ventricles.

(d) Write one structural difference between the composition of artery and veins.

OR

(a) Define excretion.

(b) Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.

(c) Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system which perform the following functions:

(i) forms urine.

(ii) is a long tube which collects urine from kidney.

(iii) Store urine until it is passed out.

 

Q 19.(a) Write the function of following parts in human female reproductive system:

(i) Ovary

(ii) Oviduct

(iii) Uterus

(b) Describe in brief the structure and function of placenta.

 

Q 20.(a) A student is unable to see clearly the words written on the black board placed at a distance of approximately 3 m from him. Name the defect of vision the boy is suffering from. State the possible causes of this defect and explain the method of correcting it.

(b) Why do stars twinkle? Explain.

OR

(a) Write the function of each of the following parts of the human eye :

 (i) Cornea

(ii) Iris

(iii) Crystalline lens

(iv) Ciliary muscles

(b) Why does the sun appear reddish early in the morning? Will this phenomenon be observed by an astronaut on the Moon? Give a reason to justify your answer. 

 

Q 21.(a) State Fleming’s left-hand rule.

(b) Write the principle of working of an electric motor.

(c) Explain the function of the following parts of an electric motor:

 (i) Armature

(ii) Brushes

(iii) Split ring.

Section – B

Q 22.A student added few pieces of aluminium metal to two test tubes A and B containing aqueous solution of iron sulphate and copper sulphate. In the second part of her experiment, she added iron metal to another test tube C and D containing aqueous solution of aluminium sulphate and copper sulphate. 

In which test tube or test tubes will she observe colour change? 

On the basis of this experiment state which one is the most reactive metal and why?

 

Q 23. What is observed when a solution of sodium sulphate is added to a solution of barium chloride in a test tube? Write an equation for the chemical reaction involved and name the type of reaction in this case.

 

Q 24.List the steps of preparation of temporary mount of a leaf Peel to observe stomata.

 

Q 25. Name the process by which an amoeba reproduces. Draw the various stages of its reproduction in a proper sequence.

OR

 

Q 25. A student is viewing under a microscope a permanent slide showing various stages of asexual reproduction by budding in yeast. Draw a diagram of what he observes in the proper sequence.

 

Q 26. An object of height 4.0 cm is placed at a distance of 30 cm from optical centre ‘O’ of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. Draw a ray diagram to find the position and size of the image formed. Mark optical centre ‘O’ and principal focus ‘F’ on the diagram. Also find the approximate ratio of size of image to the size of an object.

 

Q 27.The values of current (I) flowing through a given resistor of resistance (R), for the corresponding values of the potential difference (V) across the resistor are given below:

Plot a graph between current (I) and potential difference (V) and determine the resistance (R) of the resistor.

 

Answer

Answer 1: All the progeny of F1 generation will have violet flowers because the violet colour is dominant over the recessive white colour.

 

Answer 2: In a hydropower plant, the potential energy of the water stored in a dam is converted into kinetic energy then the turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy and after that generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

 

Answer 3:

X = CH3CH2OH-ethanol

Y = CH2 = CH2-ethene

CH3CH2OH + Na → CH3CH2ONa + H2

Z = Hydrogen gas.

Here concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent, it removes water molecules from ethanol.

 

Answer 4: (a) Tongue is the gustatory receptor present in the human body.

 (b) Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → End point of Neuron

 

Answer 5: Convex mirror always forms erect and diminished image.

 In the above ray diagram, the image formed is behind the mirror between pole (P) and focus (F), virtual, erect and diminished.

 

 Answer 6: Decomposition of zinc carbonate when the heat is applied.

Decomposition of water in presence of electricity:

Decomposition of silver chloride in the presence of light:

 

Answer 7: 

When a burning candle is brought towards the hydrogen gas, it burns with the pop sound and the candle will go off.

 When Zinc metal reacts with a dilute solution of strong acid then zinc chloride and hydrogen gas will be formed.

 OR

 

Answer 7.The salt commonly used to make tasty and crispy pakoras is baking soda i.e., sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3).

 Chemical equation for its formation:

 Uses of Baking Soda:

  1. It is used in the fire extinguisher.
  2. It is also used as an ingredient of antacid.

 

Answer 8:

 (a) Electricity is conducted by moving electrons. But carbon forms covalent bonds by sharing of electrons. It does not have free electrons.

(b) Cyclohexane is a saturated compound in which carbon atoms are arranged in a ring.

There are 6 single bonds present in this compound.

 

Answer 9:

  1. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. It regulates the metabolism and blood pressure of human beings.
  2. The pituitary secretes growth hormone. It helps the bones and other body organs to grow properly.
  3. The pancreas secretes insulin. Insulin helps to lower blood sugar level.

 

Answer 10: Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and the offsprings produced are clones and similar copies of their parents whereas sexual reproduction involves two parents and the offsprings produced are different from their parents. Offsprings produced by sexual reproduction have better chances of survival.

Sexual reproduction leads to variation because it leads to the formation of offspring by the combination of DNA from both parents, so the species will have better adaptability and better survival rate.

 

Answer 11:The two laws of refraction are:

 1. The Incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.

 2. The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence

     (i) to the sine of angle of refraction (r) at a point in a medium is constant, i.e., sin i /sin r = Constant

 Absolute refractive index: It is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum (or air) to the speed of light in the given medium.

 OR

 The power of a lens is a measure of the degree of convergence or divergence of light rays falling on it. It is also defined as the reciprocal of its focal length in metres.

The S.I. unit of power is dioptres (D).

Focal length of a convex lens is positive.

 So, lens having a focal length of 40 cm is convex.

 Focal length of a concave lens is negative.

 So, lens having focal length -20 cm is concave.

 

Answer 12:(a) To get an equivalent resistance of 13.5 Ω, the resistances should be connected as shown in the figure given below:

(b) To get an equivalent resistance of 6 Ω, the resistances should be connected as shown in the figure:

(a) According to Joule’s law of heating, the heat produced in a wire is directly proportional to

1. square of current (I2),

2. resistance of wire (R),

3. time (t) for which current is passed.

Thus, the heat produced in the wire by current I in time ‘t’ is

 H ∝ I2 Rt

H = K I2 Rt

but K = 1, H = I2 Rt

(b) We know that, P = VI

Answer 13:

 (a) Resistance of a conductor depends directly on its length, inversely proportional to the area of cross section, directly proportional to the temperature and it depends on the nature of the conductor.

(b) Metals have free electrons which can move and conduct electricity, whereas glass does not have free electrons which can flow freely to conduct electricity.

 (c) The resistivity of an alloy is generally higher than that of pure metal. Alloys do not oxidize (bum) readily at higher temperatures. Therefore, conductors of electric heating devices, such as toasters and electric irons, are made of an alloy rather than pure metal.

 

Answer 14:

(a) 1. Segregate the garbage produced into biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste.

      2. Stop using plastic bags instead of it more of cotton and jute bags should be used.

(b) 1. We should generate less garbage as much as possible.

      2. Recycling and reuse of materials should be adopted in order to minimise the waste.

 

 Answer 15: 

A dam is a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level forming a reservoir used to generate electricity or as a water supply.

Large dams are built in order to generate electricity from water supply.

While making large dams, social problems should be addressed. Proper rehabilitation should be provided to people.

Judicious use of people’s money should be done to ensure economic prosperity. Environmental problems, excessive cutting of trees, biological diversity loss should be checked.

 

Answer 16:(a) First the carbonate ore of a metal is heated in absence of air. This process is called calcination.

(b) Copper is extracted from sulphide ore ,by the process of roasting. It is done in the presence of air:

 

Answer 17: 

(a) 1. Dobereiner:

 Advantage: Group three elements having similar properties they were called as the Dobereiner triads. He arranged them in order of increasing atomic mass and the mass of the middle element was equal to the average of the other two elements.

Limitation: He was able to identify only 4 triads but he failed in his attempt to group nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic because atomic mass of phosphorus is not the average of the other two.

      2. Newland:

Advantages: He arranged the elements in horizontal rows in order of increasing atomic mass. The property of every 8th element was similar to the 1st element.

Limitation: His arrangement was only applicable to lighter elements.

      3. Mendeleev:

Advantage: He arranged the elements in order of their increasing atomic mass and he corrected the mass of beryllium from 4.5 to 13.5 u.

Limitation: Position of hydrogen and isotopes were not justified in his periodic table.

(b) Henry Moseley showed that the atomic number of an element is a more fundamental property than its atomic mass.

(c) Modem periodic law states that “the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number. Repetition of properties is due to the same outer electronic configuration.”

 

Answer 18:

(a) Red blood cells and white blood cells are the components of blood.

(b) The oxygenated blood goes into the left atrium from there it goes to the left ventricle and then to all the body organs.

(c) Valves prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atria.

(d) Walls of arteries are thick and they carry oxygenated blood whereas walls of veins are thin and they carry deoxygenated blood.

OR

(a) The process of removing toxic waste from the human body is called excretion.

(b) Nephron is the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.

 

Answer 19:

(a) (i) Ovary: It produces egg for fertilisation. It secretes estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen regulates secondary sexual characters and progesterone controls the thickness of the lining of the uterus.

(ii) Oviduct: It is the site of fertilization and carries eggs or fertilized ovum (zygote) to the uterus.

(iii) Uterus: It helps to nourish the fertilised ovum that will develop into a foetus. It holds the baby until it is ready for birth.

(b) Placenta is a disc shaped structure on uterine wall before implantation of an embryo. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the foetus.

It helps to remove waste also. The placenta is composed of both material tissues and tissue derived from the embryo. The chorion is the embryonic derived portion of the placenta. It is composed of fetal blood vessels and trophoblasts which are organized into finger-like structures called chorionic villi.

 

Answer 20:

(a) The boy is suffering from myopia.

This defect is caused:

1. due to increase in length of eyeball, and

2. decrease in focal length of eye lens, when the eye is fully relaxed.

Correction: The image of a distant object (i.e., at infinity) is formed in front of the retina of eye suffering from myopia as shown in fig.(a)

 As the image of the object lying at infinity is not formed on the retina of the eye, so such object can not be seen clearly by the myopic eye. The far point of such an eye is near to the eye as shown in fig. (b).

This defect can be corrected by using a concave lens (minus powered) of suitable focal length. So, a man suffering from this defect wears spectacles having a concave lens of suitable focal length. The concave lens diverges the rays of light entering the eye from infinity. Hence, this lens makes the rays of light appear to have come from the far point (O’) of the defective eye as shown in figure (c).

 (b) The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually changing refractive index.

Since the atmosphere bends starlight towards the normal, the apparent position of the star is slightly different from its actual position. This apparent position of the star is not stationary but keeps on changing slightly, as the physical conditions of the earth’s atmosphere are not stationary. Since the stars are very distant, they approximate point-sized sources of light. As the path of light rays coming from the star goes on varying slightly, the apparent position of the star fluctuates and the amount of starlight entering the eye flickers i.e., the star sometimes appear brighter, and at some other time, fainter, which is the twinkling effect.

OR

(a) (i) Cornea: It is a thin membrane, covering the surface of eyeball, through which light enters. It acts as a primary lens, which provides the refraction for light rays entering the eye.

(ii) Iris: It is a dark muscular dia-phragm that controls the size of the pupil and is located just behind the cornea in the eye.

(iii) Crystalline lens: It is converging in nature, made by the jelly like proteinaceous material. The focal length of the crystalline lens is changed by the ciliary muscles. Its function is to focus the incoming light rays from the object on the retina using its refractive property.

(iv) Ciliary muscles: It modifies the curvature and thereby the focal length of the eye lens by contract-ing or relaxing itself to focus the image of an object on the retina according to the distance of the object. It also holds the eye lens in position.

(b) At the sunrise, the light from the sun has to travel the longest distance to reach the observer. Therefore, the sun looks almost reddish because only red colour (λb < λr) which is least scattered, is received by our eye and appears to come from the sun. Hence, the appearance of the sun at sunrise, near the horizon looks almost reddish.

This phenomenon will not be observed by an astronaut on the Moon, since there is no atmosphere so no scattering of light takes place, thus the Sun appears dark.

Answer 21: (a) According to this rule, stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left hand such that they are mutually perpendicular. If the first finger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the second finger in the direction of the current, then the thumb will point in the direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.

(b) Principle of the electric motor: When a coil carrying current is placed in a magnetic field, it will experience a force. As a result of this force, the coil begins to rotate.

(c) (i) Armature: It creates a magnetic field and the second role is to generate an electromotive force.

(ii) Brushes: Carbon brushes are used to make contact with the rotating rings of the commutator and through them to supply current to the coil.

(iii) Split ring: Split rings are used to reverse the direction of current flowing through the coil every time the coil just passes the vertical position during a revolution.

 

Section – B

Answer 22: Only in test tubes A, B and D she will observe colour change from green to colourless in A because aluminium is more reactive than iron, it will displace iron. She will observe colour change from blue to colourless in test tube B. She will also observe colour change in test tube D from blue to light green. Aluminium is the most reactive metal because it displaces all the other three metals.

 

Answer 23:

It is an example of a double displacement reaction.

 

Answer 24:

  1. Remove a peel from lower surface of leaf using forceps and put it in water.
  2. Put a few drops of safranin stain in a watch glass.
  3. After 2-3 mins, take out the peel and put it on a slide.
  4. Put a drop of glycerine and put a coverslip over the peel.

 

Answer 25:

Amoeba reproduces by binary fission. It results in a division of nucleus followed by division of the cytoplasm.

 

Answer 26: Given, f = +20 cm, u = -30 cm, h0 = 4 cm

We know that,

Thus, the height or size of the image is 8 cm. The minus sign shows that this height is in the downward direction, that is, the image is formed below the axis.

Ratio of size of image to object = -8 /4 = -2

Object between F1 and 2F1

Image is formed beyond 2F2, real, inverted.

 

Answer 27:

We know that, V = IR 

From the graph,

V = 0.5

I = 0.1

0.5 = 0.1 × R

⇒ R = 5 Ω

 

Social Study 10th Previous Year Question Paper 2018 (CBSE)

Social Study 

Q.1 Why were big European powers met in Berlin in 1885? 

OR 

Q.1 Why merchants from towns in Europe began to move to the countryside in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? 

OR 

Q.1 Why did Charles Booth, a Liverpool shipowner conduct the first social survey of low skilled workers in the East End of London in 1887? 

 

Q.2 Why did the Roman Catholic Church impose control over publishers and booksellers? 

OR 

Q.2 Why do novels use vernacular? 

 

Q.3 Classify resources on the basis of origin. 

 

Q.4 ‘A challenge is not just any problem but an opportunity for progress’. Analyse the statement. 

 

Q.5 State any two goals of development other than income. 

 

Q.6 When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, in which category of economic sector such activities come? 

 

Q.7 Give any two examples of informal sector of credit. 

 

Q.8 Describe the impact of ‘Rinderpest’ on people’s livelihoods and local economy in Africa in the 1890s. 

OR 

Q.8 Describe any three major problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in nineteenth century. 

OR

Q.8 Describe any three steps taken to clean up London during the nineteenth century. 

 

Q.9 “The ‘Print Revolution’ had transformed the lives of people changing their relationship to information and knowledge”. Analyse the statement. 

OR 

Q.9 Distinguish between the themes of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘Jane Eyre’ novels written by Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte respectively. 

 

Q.10 How has the ever increasing number of industries in India made worse position by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources? Explain. 

 

Q.11 “Dense and efficient network of transport is a prerequisite for local and national 

development”. Analyse the statement. 

 

Q.12 Describe any three provisions of amendment made in ‘Indian Constitution’ in 1992 for making ‘Three-Tiger’ government more effective and powerful. 

 

Q.13 Explain the three factors that are crucial in deciding the outcome of politics of social divisions. 

 

Q.14 “Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or persons, but it is one of the foundations of our country”. Examine the statement. 

 

Q.15 How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with examples. 

 

Q.16 Distinguish the service conditions of organized sector with that of unorganized sector. 

 

Q.17 Why is cheap and affordable credit important for the country’s development? Explain any three reasons. 

 

Q.18 How can consumer awareness be spread among consumers to avoid exploitation in the marketplace? Explain any three ways. 

 

Q.19 Describe the explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans after 1871 in Europe. 

OR 

Q.19 Describe the role of different religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam. 

 

Q.20 How did non-cooperation movement start with participation of middle class people in the cities? Explain its impact on the economic front. 

OR 

Q.20 Why was congress reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organization? How did women participate in civil disobedience movement? Explain. 

 

Q.21 “The government of India has introduced various institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.” support this statement with examples. 

OR 

Q.21 Compare ‘intensive subsistence farming’ with that of ‘commercial farming’ practiced in India. 

 

Q.22 Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples. 

 

Q.23 Describe any five major functions of political parties performed in a democracy.

 

Q.24 “Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual”. Justify this statement. 

OR 

Q.24 “Democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens”. Justify this statement. 

 

Q.25 How has foreign trade been integrating markets of different countries? Explain with examples.

OR

Q.25 How do we feel the impact of globalization on our daily life? Explain with examples. 

 

Q.26 (A) Two features a and b are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked near them: 

(a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held. 

(b) The place where Gandhi organized ‘Satyagraha’ in favour of cotton mill workers. 

(B) Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols on the same given outline political map of India. 

(i) Raja Sansi- International Airport 

(ii) Bhadravati- Iron and Steel Plant 

(iii) Software Technology Park of West Bengal 

 

Answer

Q.1 Ans. The partition of Africa started with the Berlin Conference from 1884-1885 which was held in Berlin. 

OR 

Q.1 Ans.Trade guilds, associations of producers, trained craftsmen and artisans. They restricted the entry of new people into the trade 

OR 

Q.1 Ans.Poverty was not unknown in the countryside; it was more concentrated and starkly visible in the city. In 1887, Charles Booth, a Liverpool ship-owner, conducted the first social survey of low skilled London workers in the East End of London.

 

Q.2 Ans. Print led to religious debates and fear of print.People could express their ideas in print and spread them. Fear of books spread.Rebellious and irreligious thoughts could be spread by new books. Dissent became a part of print. The clergy became afraid of the new awakening. Catholic Church began inquisition to repress heretical ideas.They began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558. 

OR 

Q.2 Ans. 1. They were written in the language common to people. 

                     2. Vernacular novels create the sense of shared world between the diverse people of the nation. 

                     3. Novels were read individually and sometimes in groups that’s why.

 

Q.3 Ans. Biotic and Abiotic Resources: 

Resources obtained from the biosphere like forests, wildlife, fisheries, livestock, human beings, etc.which have life, are called biotic resources. Resources which are obtained from non-living things are called abiotic resources. Iron, copper, gold and lead are abiotic resources.

 

Q.4 Ans. A CHALLENGE IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PROGRESS: 

            1. A challenge is not just a problem. 

            2. A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an opportunity for progress. 

           3. Once we overcome a challenge we go up to a higher level. 

           4. Legal challenges alone cannot overcome challenges to democracy like inequality, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, regionalism, casteism, communalism etc. . 

          5. Legal constitutional changes and the cooperation of the citizens is the need of the hour . 

 

Q.5 Ans. Peace, Friendship, Love, Job Security etc. (any non-material thing)

 

Q.6 Ans. Primary Sector (Because these economic activities are directly tied to the extraction resources of the earth. Such economic activities occur at the beginning of the production cycle where people live in close contact with the resources of the land. Such primary economic activities produce basic food stuff and raw materials for industry and may include; agriculture, hunting and gathering, pastoral farming, crop cultivation, forestry, mining, logging and fishing. 

 

Q.7 Ans. Money lenders, Friends, Relatives, Landlords etc.

 

Q.8 Ans. Rinderpest or the Cattle Plague arrived in Africa from Europe. 

1. It destroyed nearly 90% of the livestock and 2. Destroyed the livelihood of the Natives. 3. Mine owners and colonial powers benefited by it and Africa ceased to be a free continent. 

OR 

Q.8 Ans. Weavers suffered the most. Forced to work for the Company, who acted through their agents called Gomasthas. 

1. After 1770s, the English controlled trade, eliminated competition, prevented the weavers from dealing with other buyers. They were severely punished for delays. 

2. There was desertion and migration by farmers of Carnatic and Bengal weavers. 

3. Manchester came to India in the form of cotton textiles produced in English factories. 

4. Imposition of import duties on Indian cotton and sale of British goods in Indian markets at cheaper rates led to decline in Indian exports of cotton piece goods. 

OR 

Q.8 Ans. Cleaning London: It was an immediate problem due to the growth of slums. Life expectancy of a worker was at an average 29, as compared to 55 among gentry. Steps taken to clean London were : 

(i) Decongestion of localities by introduction of rent control 

(ii) Increasing green open space by building suburbs or countryside homes for the rich. 

(iii) Landscaping and building cottages for single families etc. 

 

Q.9 Ans. It was not just a development, a new way of producing books; it transformed the lives of people, changing their relationship to information and knowledge, and with institutions and authorities. It influenced popular perceptions and opened up new ways of looking at things. 

1. With the printing press, a new reading public emerged. Access to books created a new culture of reading. Earlier, reading was restricted to the elites. Common people lived in a world of oral culture. They heard sacred texts read out, ballads recited, and folk tales narrated. Knowledge was transferred orally. 

2. Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of debate and discussion. Not everyone welcomed the printed book, and those who did also had fears about it. 

3. Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people. 

OR 

Q.9 Ans.Women writers explored the world of women, their emotions, identities, experiences and problems. 

(i) Jane Austen’s (1775–1817) Pride and Prejudice portrays life of women in genteel rural society in the early 19thcentury England. 

(ii) Charlotte Bronte’s (1816–1855) Jane Eyre portrayed an independent and assertive girl who protests against hypocrisy and cruelty.

 

Q.10 Ans. Water pollution: 

1.Coal, dyes, soaps, pesticides, fertilisers, plastics and rubber are some common pollutants. 

2. The principal industries which create water pollution are paper pulp, textiles, chemical, petroleum, refinery, tannery and electroplating. 

3. Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot-water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling. 

 

Q.11 Ans. Arguments to support this statement are: 

(i) fast and efficiently moving transport is required for traded items to reach their destinations on time, otherwise business will suffer. 

(ii) Transport is required to carry raw materials to production centers. 

(iii) Modern communication facilities like the internet allow commercial transactions to take place over large distances including overseas transaction. They also keep buyers and sellers informed about their present and prospective markets. 

(iv) From manufacturing hubs to markets particularly for perishable goods. 

(v) Movement of people again is very important for trade and business. 

Thus, it can be concluded that dense and efficient network of transport is a prerequisite for national and international trade. 

 

Q.12 Ans. Important features of 1992 amendments: 

1. Mandatory to hold regular elections to the local government bodies. 

2. Reservations of seats for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes. The rights of Adivasis are protected in a special Act passed in 1996. 

3. 1/3 of positions reserved for women. 

4. A state Finance Commission examines the financial position. 

5. 29 subjects which were in the State list have been transferred to the Panchayati Raj 

institutions by the 11th schedule of the Constitution. 

6. A State Election Commission has been created in each state to conduct Panchayat and Municipal election.

 

Q.13 Ans. Factors that decide the outcomes of social divisions 

(i) How do people see their identities? If people think they are Indians first, and then they are Bengali, Punjabietc. or a religious or language group, then there will be no conflict. Trouble in Ireland was because they thought at first that they were Catholics or Protestants and then Irish. In Belgium, it was the opposite. First Belgians, then Dutch or French speaking. 

(ii) Reaction of Political Parties is another factor. Peace remains if one community does not try to dominate the others. For example, in Sri Lanka, the demands of “only Sinhala” was at the cost of Tamil speaking community. In Yugoslavia, each ethnic group made demands for itself only, with the result that the country was divided into six nations. 

(iii) Depends on how the government reacts to the demands. If the rulers are willing to share power (as in Belgium) there is no threat to the unity of the country. But if suppressed in the name of national unity (as in Sri Lanka), it leads to violence. 

 

Q.14 Ans. Communalism was and continues to be one of the major challenges to democracy in our country. The makers of our Constitution were aware of this challenge. That is why they chose the model of a secular state. 

1. There is no official religion for the Indian state. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, that of Islam in Pakistan and that of Christianity in England, our Constitution does not give a special status to any religion. 

2. The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any. 

3.The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion. 

4. At the same time the Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. For example, it band untouchability. 

 

Q.15 Ans. Sustainable development is that process which fulfils the needs of the present generation, without causing any harm to the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 

1. It requires preservation of stock of resources including exhaustible natural resources and environmental resources. 

2. Recent studies show that groundwater in India is exhausted because of overuse. 1/3 of the country is overusing its groundwater reserves. Another area is exhaustion of natural resources. The resources of crude oil would last only for 43years more. 

 

Q.16 Ans. Differences between Organized and Unorganized Sectors: 

1. Organized sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations. Therefore people have job security. 

2. Unorganized sector covers small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but they are generally not being implemented by the unorganized sector. Employment is not secure in the unorganized sector. 

3.In unorganized sector protection and support is required for the workers for their economic and social development. Besides getting irregular an low paid work, they also face social discrimination. 

 

Q.17 Ans. Credit plays a crucial role in a country’s financial development. 

1. It helps in increasing the economic activities of the country. 2. Thus improve the living standard of people if used properly. 3. It may improve the economic condition of the poor and landless. 4. It helps in establishment of industries. 

 

Q.18 Ans. Consumer awareness can be spread through: 

1. The enactment of COPRA has led to the setting up of separate departments of Consumer Affairs in central and state governments. 

2. The posters that you have seen are one example through which government spread information about legal process which people can use. You might also be seeing such advertisements on television channels. 

3. Taking Bills 

4. be aware about their rights. 

5. Leave lazy attitude. 

 

Q.19 Ans. The major European powers, in turn, manipulated the nationalist aspirations of the subject peoples in Europe to further their own imperialist aims. The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans. 

1. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs. 

2. A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive. 

3. The rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their struggles as attempts to win back their long-lost independence. As the different Slavic nationalities struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkan area became an area of intense conflict.

4. The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of the others. 

5. Matters were further complicated because the Balkans also became the scene of big power rivalry due to its strategic importance .This led to a series of wars in the region and finally the First World War. 

OR 

Q.19 Ans.1. Religious beliefs of Vietnam were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism and local practices. 

2. The French introduced Christianity, their Missionaries were hostile to the easy-going attitude of the Vietnamese towards religion.

3. Scholars’ Revolt of 1868 :Led by officials of the Imperial Court. Uprising in Ngu An and Ha Tien provinces killed a thousand Catholics. By the middle of the 18th century 300,000 people converted to Christianity. Revolt suppressed by the French. 

4. The HoaHaoMovement began in 1939 under its founder Huynh Phu So. 

 

Q.20 Ans. The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. 

1. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmins, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power – something that usually only Brahmans had access to. 

2. The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. 

OR 

Q.20 Ans.1. Women participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. 

2. In urban areas these women were from high-caste families; in rural areas they came from rich peasant households. Moved by Gandhiji’s call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. 

3. Yet, this increased public role did not necessarily mean any radical change in the way the position of women was visualized. Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after home and hearth, be good mothers and good wives.

4. And for a long time the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organization. 

5. It was keen only on their symbolic presence. 

 

Q.21 Ans. The technological advancements gave birth to Green Revolution, White Revolution or Operation Flood. 

1. The Government abolished the Zamindari system. Land Reforms and consolidation of land holdings started after independence. 

2. Radio and television inform the farmers about the new improved techniques of farming. 

3. Rural banks, cooperative societies and Kisan Credit Card ensure easy availability of funds to farmers. 

4. Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. 

5. Considering the importance of agriculture the Government of India took steps to modernize agriculture. 

6. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established. 

OR 

Q.21 Ans.1. Intensive subsistence farming is carried out in areas with high population pressure on land. 

2. Irrigation, fertilisers and pesticides are used to get maximum output from limited land. 

3. Various machines are introduced. 

4. Commercial farming is characterised by the use of higher doses of modern inputs in order to obtain higher productivity. 

5. Plantation farming, a form of commercial farming, involves growing of a single crop on a large area. 

 

Q.22 Ans. 1. Utilisation of Natural Resources – Utilisation of huge volume of natural resources has become possible with the development of industries in the country. 

2. Balanced Sectoral Development – Growth of Industrialisation in the country can attain balanced Sectoral development and it can reduce the too much dependence of the economy on the agricultural sector. 

3. Enhanced Capital Formation – Increasing volume of investment in industries has led to enhancement in the rate of capital formation in the country. 

4. Increase in National Income & Foreign Exchange – Organised and unorganized industries are jointly contributing a good portion of the total national income of the country. 

5. Increase in Job Opportunities – It Increase the job opportunities for a large section of the population of the country. 

 

Q.23 Ans. Functions of political parties 

• Parties contest elections by putting up candidates. 

• In some countries, candidates are selected by members and supporters of a party (eg., USA). 

• In other countries, candidates are chosen by top party leaders — eg., India. 

• Parties have different policies and programmes, voters choose from them. In a democracy, a large number of people with similar opinions group together and form a party and then give a direction to the policies followed by the government. 

• The parties that lose elections form the opposition and voice different views and criticize the government for its failures. They mobilise opposition to the government. 

• They shape public opinion. Parties with the help of pressure groups launch movements for solving problems faced by the people. 

• They provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes. The local party leader acts as a link between the citizen and the government officer. 

 

Q.24 Ans.  

(i) Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens

• Democracy promotes dignity and freedom of the individual 

• Every individual wants to receive respect from fellow beings 

• Democracies have achieved this to a certain degree in many countries 

(ii) Dignity of Women 

• Women had to fight long battles to receive their due in society. 

• Societies across the world have been male dominated. It is absolutely essential that women should get equal treatment. 

• Women can now wage a struggle against what is now unacceptable legally and morally. In a non-democratic set-up, women would not have a legal basis to fight for equality. 

• Societies across the world have been male dominated. It is absolutely essential that women should get equal treatment. 

• Of course, women still have to struggle. They are not always given their due respect even in democracies. 

(iii) Caste Inequalities: In India, the disadvantaged and discriminated castes have gained in strength due to democracy. They now have the legal and moral right to fight for equal status and equal opportunities. There are still instances of atrocities and inequalities suffered by people because of caste, but they are not supported by law or moral code. 

(iv) A democracy is always striving towards a better goal. People constantly demand more benefits in a democracy. There are always more expectations. 

(v) People now look critically at the work of those who hold power, the rich, the powerful. They express their dissatisfaction loudly. It shows they are no longer subjects but citizens of a democratic country. 

OR 

Q.24 Ans. Democracy is considered better because 

1. It promotes equality among citizens 

2. It recognizes and enhances the dignity of the individual 

3. Improves the quality of decision making 

4. Provides a method to resolve conflicts 

5. Allows room to correct mistakes 

 

Q.25 Ans. 1. Globalisation means integrating the economy of a country with the economies of other countries under conditions of free flow of trade and capital and movement of persons across borders. 

2. Integration of markets in different countries is known as foreign trade. 3. MNCs are playing a major role in the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries. 

4. Now more regions of the world are in closer contact with each other than a few decades back. 

5. MNCs play an important role in the Indian economy by setting up production jointly with some of the local companies 

6. Rapid improvement in information and communication technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the Globalisation process. 

OR 

Q.25 Ans.1. Let us see the effect of foreign trade through the example of Chinese toys in the Indian market. Chinese toys have become more popular in the Indian market because of their cheaper prices and new designs. Now Indian buyers have a greater choice of toys and at lower prices. Simultaneously, Chinese toy makers get the opportunity to expand business. On the other side, Indian toy makers face losses. 

2. Only skilled and educated class has benefited from Globalisation. 

3. There is a greater choice for consumers, with a variety of goods and at cheap prices. Now they enjoy a much higher standard of living.

 

Q.26 Ans. (A) Identification 

                              (a) Madras 

                              (b) Ahmedabad 

                       (B) Location and Labelling 

                             (i) Raja Sansi – Amritsar 

                             (ii) Bhadravati – Karnataka 

                             (iii) Software Technology Park of West Bengal – Kolkata 

Hindi 10th Previous Year Question Paper 2019 SET-I (CBSE)


हिन्दी

खण्ड ‘क’

प्रश्न 1. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और पूछे गए प्रश्नों का उत्तर  लिखिए। 

आजकल दूरदर्शन पर आने वाले धारावाहिक देखने का प्रचलन बढ़ गया है बाल्यावस्था में ही शौक हानिकारक है दूरदर्शन पर दिखाए जाने वाले धारावाहिक निम्न स्तर के होते हैं। उन में अश्लीलता,  अन आस्था, फैशन तथा नैतिक बुराइयां ही अधिक देखने को मिलती है। छोटे बालक मानसिक रुप से परिपक्व नहीं होते। इसमें भेजो भी देखते हैं उनका प्रभाव उनके दिमाग पर अंकित हो जाता है। बुरी आदतों को वैसी ही अपना लेते हैं  समाज शास्त्रियों के एक वर्ग का मानना है कि समाज के चारों ओर फैली बुराइयों का एक बड़ा कारण है। दूरदर्शन से आत्मसीमितता, जड़ता, पंगुता अकेलापन आदि दोष बढ़े है । बिना समय की पाबंदी के घटकों दूरदर्शनबिल्कुल गलत है।  कैसे मान सकता विकास रुक जाता है, नजर कमजोर हो सकती है और तनाव बढ़ सकता है। 

(क)  आजकल दूरदर्शन के धारावाहिकों का स्तर कैसा है?

(ख) दूरदर्शन का दुष्प्रभाव केंद्र अधिक पड़ता है और क्यों?

(ग)  दूरदर्शन के क्या-क्या दुष्प्रभाव है?

(घ) ‘ बाल्यावस्था’ शब्द का संधि विच्छेद कीजिए। 

(ड) उपन्यास के लिए उपयुक्त शीर्षक लिखिए।

 

प्रश्न 2. निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और  पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए

कोलाहल हो, 

या सन्नाटा, कविता सदा सृजन करती है, 

जब भी आँसू 

हुआ पराजित, कविता सदा जंग लड़ती है। 

जब भी कर्ता हुआ अकर्ता, 

कविता ने जीना सिखलाया 

यात्राएँ जब मौन हो गईं 

कविता ने चलना सिखलाया 

जब भी तम का 

जुल्म चढ़ा है, कविता नया सूर्य गढ़ती है, 

जब गीतों की फसलें लुटती 

शीलहरण होता कलियों का, 

शब्दहीन जब हुई चेतना 

तब-तब चैन लुटा गलियों का 

जब कुर्सी का 

कंस गरजता, कविता स्वयं कृष्ण बनती है। 

अपने भी हो गए पराए

यूँ झूठे अनुबंध हो गए 

घर में ही वनवास हो रहा 

यूँ गूंगे संबंध हो गए।

(क) कविता कैसी परिस्थितियों में सूजन करती है? स्पष्ट कीजिए। 

(ख) भाव समझाइए जब भी तम का जुल्म बढ़ा है, कविता नया सूर्य गढ़ती है।’ 

(ग) गलियों का चैन कब लुटता है?

(घ) “परस्पर संबंधों में दरियाँ बढ़ने लर्गी-यह भाव किस पंक्ति में आया है? 

(ङ) कविता जीना कब सिखाती है? 

अथवा 

प्रश्न 2. निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और  पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए

जो बीत गई सो बात गई 

जीवन में एक सितारा था, 

माना, वह बेहद प्यारा था, 

वह डूब गया तो डूब गया। 

अंबर के आनन को देखो, 

कितने इसके तारे टूटे 

कितने इसके प्यारे छूटे, 

जो छूट गए फिर कहाँ मिले; 

पर बोलो टूटे तारों पर, 

कब अंबर शोक मनाता है? 

जो बीत गई सो बात गई। 

जीवन में वह था एक कुसुम, 

थे उस पर नित्य निछावर तुम, 

वह सूख गया तो सूख गया; 

मधुबन की छाती को देखो, 

सूखी कितनी इसकी कलियाँ, 

मुरझाई कितनी बल्लरियाँ, 

जो मुरझाई फिर कहाँ खिल, 

पर बोलो सूखे फूलों पर, 

कब मधुबन शोर मचाता है? 

जो बीत गई तो बात गई। 

(क) जो बीत गई सो बात गई से क्या तात्पर्य है। स्पष्ट कीजिए। 

(ख) आकाश की ओर कब देखना चाहिए, और क्यों? 

(ग) “सूखे फूल’ और ‘मधुबन के प्रतीकार्य स्पष्ट कीजिए। 

(घ) टूटे तारों का शोक कौन नहीं मनाता है? 

(ङ) आपके विचार से जीवन में एक सितारा किसे माना होगा? 

 

खण्ड ‘ख’ 

प्रश्न 3. निर्देशानुसार किन्हीं तीन के उत्तर लिखिए- 

(क) मैंने उस व्यक्ति को देखा जो पीड़ा से कराह रहा था। (संयुक्त वाक्य में बदलिए) 

(ख) जो व्यक्ति परिश्रमी होता है, वह अवश्य सफल होता है। (सरल वाक्य में बदलिए) 

(ग) वह कौन-सी पुस्तक है जो आपको बहुत याद है। रेखांकित उपवाक्य का भेद बदलिए) 

(घ) कश्मीरी गेट के निकल्सन कब्रगाह में उनका ताबूत उतारा गया। मिश्र वाक्य में बदलिए) 

 

प्रश्न 4.निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में से किन्हीं चार वाक्यों का निर्देशानुसार वाच्य परिवर्तन कीजिए-

(क) बालगोबिन भगत प्रभातियाँ गाते थे। (कर्मवाच्य में बदलिए) 

(ख) बीमारी के कारण वह यहाँ न आ सका।। (भाववाच्य में बदलिए) 

(ग) माँ के द्वारा बचपन में ही चोषित कर दिया गया था। (कर्तवाच्य में बदलिए) 

(घ) अवनि चाय बना रही है। (कर्मवाच्य में बदलिए) 

(ङ) घायत हंस उड़ न पाया। भाववाच्य में बदलिए। 

 

प्रश्न5. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में से किन्हीं चार रेखांकित पदों का पद-परिचय लिखिए 

(क) दादी जी प्रतिदिन समाचार पत्र पढ़ती हैं। 

(ख) रोहन यहाँ नहीं आया था। 

(ग) वे मुंबई जा चुके हैं।

(घ) परिश्रमी अंकिता अपना काम समय में पूरा कर लेती है। 

(ङ) रवि रोज सवेरे दौड़ता है। 

 

प्रश्न 6. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए 

(क) करुण रस का एक उदाहरण लिखिए। 

(ख) निम्नलिखित काव्य पंक्तियों में निहित रस पहचान कर लिखिए 

तंबूरा ले मंच पर बैठे प्रेमप्रताप, 

साज मिले पंद्रह मिनट, घंटा भर आलाप। 

घंटा भर आलाप राग में मारा गोता.

धीरे-धीरे खिसक चुके थे सारे श्रोता। 

(क) उत्साह किस रस का स्थायी भाव है? 

(ख) वात्सल्य रस का स्थायी क्या है? 

(ग) शृंगार रस के कौनसे दो भेद हैं। 

 

खण्ड ‘ग’ 

प्रश्न 7. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए

किसी दिन एक शिष्या ने डरते-डरते खाँ साहब को टोका, बाबा। आप यह क्या करते हैं, इतनी प्रतिष्ठा है आपकी। अब तो आपको भारतरत्न भी मिल चुका है, यह फटी तहमद न पहना करें। अच्छा नहीं लगता, जब भी कोई आता है आप इसी फटी तहमद में सबसे मिलते हैं। खाँ साहब मुसकराए। लाड़ से भरकर बोले, “धत् ! पगली, ई भारतरत्न हमको शहनईया पे मिला है. लुंगिया पे नाहीं तुम लोगों की तरह बनाव-सिंगार देखते रहते, तो उमर ही बीत जाती, हो चुकती शहनाई। तब क्या रियाज हो पाता?” 

(क) एक दिन एक शिष्या ने खाँ साहब को क्या कहा? क्यों? 

(ख) खाँ साहब ने शिष्या को क्या समझाया। 

(ग) इससे खाँ साहब के स्वभाव के बारे में क्या पता चलता 

 

प्रश्न 8. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए 

(क) लेखक ने फादर कामिल बुल्के की याद को यज्ञ की पवित्र अग्नि क्यों कहा है? 

(ख) मन्नू भंडारी का अपने पिता से जो वैचारिक मतभेद था उसे अपने शब्दों में लिखिए। 

(ग) नेताजी का चश्मा’ पाठ में बच्चों द्वारा मूर्ति पर सरकंडे का चश्मा लगाना क्या प्रदर्शित करता है?

(घ) बालगोबिन भगत अपने सुस्त और बोदे से बेटे के साथ कैसा व्यवहार करते थे और क्यों ? 

(ङ) लखनवी अंदाज पाठ के आधार पर बताइए कि लेखक ने यात्रा करने के लिए सेकंड क्लास का टिकट क्यों खरीदा? 

 

प्रश्न 9. निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वकपढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए 

यश है या न वैभव है, मान है न सरमायाः 

जितनी ही दौड़ातू उतना ही भरमाया। 

प्रभुता का शरण-बिंब केवल मृगतृष्णा है, 

हर चंद्रिका में छिपी एक रात कृष्णा है। 

जो है यथार्थ कठिन उसका तू कर पूजन 

छाया मत छूना मन, 

होगा दुख दूना। 

(क) हर चंद्रिका में छिपी एक रात कृष्णा है- इस पंक्ति से कवि किस तथ्य से अवगत करवाना चाहता है ? 

(ख) कवि ने यथार्थ के पूजन की बात क्यों कही है? 

(ग) मृगतृष्णा का प्रतीकात्मक अर्थ लिखिए। 

 

प्रश्न 10. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप लिखिए 

(क) संगतकार की मनुष्यता किसे कहा गया है। वह मनुष्यता कैसे बनाए रखता है? 

(ख) अट नहीं रही है कविता के आधार पर वसंत ऋतु की शोभा का वर्णन कीजिए। 

(ग) परशुराम ने अपनी किन विशेषताओं के उल्लेख के द्वारा लक्ष्मण को डराने का प्रयास किया? 

(घ) आपकी दृष्टि में कन्या के साथ दान की बात करना कहाँ तक उचित है? तर्क दीजिए। 

(ङ) कविने शिशु की मुस्कान को दंतरित मुस्कान क्यों कहा है? कवि के मन पर उस मुस्कान का क्या प्रभाव पड़ा? 

 

प्रश्न 11. जार्ज पंचम की नाक पाठके माध्यम से लेखक ने समाज पर क्या व्यंग्य किया है? 

अथवा 

प्रश्न 11. सिक्किम की युवती के कथन मैं इंडियन हूँ से स्पष्ट होता है कि अपनी जाति, धर्म-क्षेत्र और संप्रदाय से। अधिक महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट है। आप किस प्रकार राष्ट्र के उत्तरप्रति अपने कर्तव्य निभाकर देश के प्रति अपना प्रेम प्रकट कर सकते हैं? समझाइए। 

 

खण्ड ‘घ’ 

 

प्रश्न 12. निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर दिए गए संकेत बिन्दुओं के आधार पर लगभग 200 से 250 शब्दों में निबंध लिखिए 

(क) कमरतोड़ महँगाई 

  • महँगाई के कारण 
  • समाज पर प्रभाव 
  • व्यावहारिक समाधान 

(ख) स्वच्छ भारत अभियान 

  • विकास में स्वच्छता का योगदान 
  • अस्वच्छता से हानिया 
  • रोकने के उपाय 

(ग) बदलती जीवन शैल 

  • जीवन शैली का आशय 
  • बदलाव कैसा 
  • परिणाम 

 

प्रश्न 13. गत कुछ दिनों से आपके क्षेत्र में अपराध बढ़ने लगे हैं। जिससे आप चिंतित हैं। इन अपराधों की रोकथाम के लिए थानाध्यक्ष को पत्र लिखिए। 

अथवा 

प्रश्न 13.आपका एक मित्र शिमला में रहता है। आप उसके आमंत्रण पर ग्रीष्मावकाश में वहाँ गए थे और प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य को खूब आनंद उठाया था। घर वापस लौटने पर कृतज्ञता व्यक्त करते हुए मित्र को पत्र लिखिए।  

 

प्रश्न 14. अतिवृष्टि के कारण कुछ शहर बाढ़ ग्रस्त हैं। वहाँ के निवासियों की सहायतार्थ सामग्री एकत्र करने हेतु एक विज्ञापन लगभग 50 शब्दों में तैयार कीजिए। 

अथवा 

प्रश्न 14.बॉल पेनों की एक कंपनी सफल’ नाम से बाजार में आई है। उसके लिए एक विज्ञापन लगभग 50 शब्दों में तैयार कीजिए। 

 

Answer

खण्ड ‘क’

प्रश्न 1.उत्तर: (क) आजकल दूरदर्शनओं के धारावाहिकों का स्तर का घटता जा रहा है उसमें दर्शकों को अश्लीलता, अनास्था, फैशन लता नैतिक बुराइयां ही अधिक देखने को मिलती है। 

(ख)  दूरदर्शन का दुष्प्रभाव सबसे अधिक छोटे बालकों पर पड़ता है क्योंकि वह मानसिक रूप से परिपक्व होता है।  वे जो इस छोटी उम्र में देखते हैं उसका प्रभाव उन पर अधिक पड़ता है। 

(ग)  दूरदर्शन के कई दुष्प्रभाव है जैसे इससे समाज में फैली बुराइयों को बढ़ावा मिलता है।  इससे आत्मसीमितता, जड़ता, पंगुता अकेलापन आदि दोष बढ़े है। नजर कमजोर पड़ती है घंटो दूरदर्शन देखने से समय की पाबंदी कट जाती है। 

(घ) ‘बाल्यावस्था’ का संधि विच्छेद बाल +अवस्था है।

(ड़) उपयुक्त का शीर्षक दूरदर्शन के प्रभाव।

 

प्रश्न 2.उत्तर: (क) कविता हमेशा ही कठिन परिस्थितियों को हमारे अनुकूल कर नए पथ का सृजन करती है। जब आँसू पराजित हो जाते हैं तो कविता अपनी लेखनी द्वारा प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों से जंग लड़ती है। जब कर्ता हताश हो जाता है तो उसमें नई उमंग भरती है। कविता एक ऐसे नए सूरज को निर्माण करती है जो नया सवेरा लाता है। 

(ख) “जब भी तम का जुल्म बढ़ा है, कविता नया सूर्य गढ़ती है-को भाव यह है कि जब-जब अंधेरा अर्थात् प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियाँ अपने चरम पर होती हैं तो कविता अपनी लेखनी द्वारा इन प्रतिकूल अंधकारमय परिस्थितियों को अपने पथ प्रदर्शक शब्दों द्वारा नया सूर्य दिखाकर उन्हें प्रतिकूल बनाती है। 

(ग) गलियों का चैन शब्दहीन निर्दय चेतना द्वारा लुटता है। 

(घ) परस्पर संबंधों में दूरियाँ बढ़ने लगी :- यह भाव अपने भी हो गए पराए में आया है। 

(ङ) जब कर्ता अकर्ता हो जाता है अर्थात् प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों के समक्ष हार जाता है तो कविता उसे जीना सिखाती है। 

अथवा 

प्रश्न 2.उत्तर: (क) जो बीत गई सो बात गई से तात्पर्य है कि जो बीत गया वो हमारा कल था और वह दोबारा नहीं आएगा। अतीत के दुःखों को याद कर रोने से कोई लाभ नहीं। 

(ख) अंबर की ओर रात्रि में देखना चाहिए, जब उसमें अनगिनत तारे होते हैं क्योंकि तारे प्रतिदिन टूटते हैं पर अंबर हमेशा ही वैसा का वैसा रहता है। चाहे नए तारे आए या पुराने टूटे। 

(ग) मधुबन का अर्थ बगीचा एवं सूखे फूल मधुबन में मुरझाए फूल।। 

(घ) टूटे तारों का शोक अंबर नहीं मनाता है। 

(ङ) आपके विचार से जीवन में एक सितारा हमारे जीवन का महत्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति होता है जिसके इर्द-गिर्द हमारी दुनियाँ घुमती है।

 

खण्ड ‘ख’

प्रश्न 3.उत्तर: (क) संयुक्त वाक्य मैंने उस व्यक्ति को देखा पर वह पीड़ा से कराह रहा था। 

(ख) सरल वाक्य-परिश्रमी व्यक्ति अवश्य सफल होता है। 

(ग) वह कौन-सी पुस्तक है’-प्रधान उपवाक्य 

(ग) वह कौन-सी पुस्तक है-प्रधान उपवाक्य 

(घ) जहाँ कश्मीरी गेटका निकाल्सन कब्रगाह तथा वहाँ उनका ताबूत उतारा गया। 

अथवा 

(घ) उनका ताबूत उतारा गया जहाँ कश्मीरी गेट का निकत्सन कब्रगाह था।

 

प्रश्न 4.उत्तर. (क) कर्मवाच्य- बालगोबिन भगत द्वारा प्रभातियाँ गाई जाती थी। 

(ख) भाव वाच्य- बीमारी के कारण वह यहाँ नहीं आ सकता। 

(ग) कर्तृवाच्य-माँ ने बचपन में ही घोषित कर दिया था। 

(घ) अवनि के द्वारा चाय बनायी गयी। 

(ङ) भाववाच्य घायल हंस उड़न सका। 

 

प्रश्न 5.उत्तर: (क) पढ़ती है- एकवचन, क्रिया, स्त्रीलिंग 

(ख) यहाँ- सर्वनाम, स्थानवाचक क्रिया विशेषण 

(ग) वे- बहुवचन, सर्वनाम (पुरुषवाचक), कर्ता कारक। 

(घ) परिश्रमी- जातिवाचक संज्ञा, एकवचन, विशेषता विशेषता स्पष्ट करता है। 

(ङ) रवि- व्यक्ति वाचक संज्ञा, एकवचन, पुल्लिंग कर्ताकारक। 

 

प्रश्न 6.उत्तरः करुण रस का उदाहरण उभरी नसों वाले हाथ घिसे नाखूनों वाले हाथ पीपल के पत्ते से नए-नए हाथ जूही की डाल से खुशबूदार हाथ गंदे कटे-पिटे हाथ जख्म से फटे हुए हाथ खुशबू रचते हैं 

(क) हाथा 

(ख) हास्यरस 

(ग) उत्साह वीर रस का स्थायी भाव है। 

(घ) वात्सल्य रस का स्थायी भाव वत्सल है। 

(ङ) श्रृंगार रस के दो भेद संयोग श्रृंगार और वियोग श्रृंगार 

खण्ड ‘ग’

प्रश्न 7.उत्तर: (क) एक दिन एक शिष्या ने खाँ साहब से कहा कि बाबा अब तो आपको बहुत प्रतिष्ठा व सम्मान मिल चुका है, फिर भी आप यह फटी हुई तहमद (लुंगी) क्यों पहनते हो? उस (शिष्या) ने ऐसा इसलिए कहा क्योंकि खाँ साहब इसी तहमद में ही सभी से मिलते थे और उसे यह अच्छा नहीं लगता था। 

(ख) खाँ साहब ने नम्रतापूर्वक अपनी शिष्या को समझाते हुए कहा कि मुझे भारतरत्न’ शहनाई बजाने पर मिला है, न कि लुंगी पर। मैंने बनाव सिंगार पर ध्यान न देकर अपनी साधना शहनाई पर ध्यान दिया है। 

(ग) इससे खाँ साहब के स्वभाव का पता चलता है कि वे सादा जीवन उच्च विचार के प्रबल समर्थक थे। वे सादगी पसंद और उन्होंने अपना सारा जीवन अपनी साधना में समर्पित कर दिया। वे सच्चे अर्थों में सच्चे कलाकार थे। 

 

प्रश्न 8.उत्तर: (क) लेखक ने फादर कामिल बुल्के की याद को यज्ञ की पवित्र अग्नि इसलिए कहा है क्योंकि लेखक फादर बुल्के रूपी पवित्र ज्योति की याद में श्रद्धामत है, उनका सारा जीवन देश व देशवासियों के प्रति समर्पित था। जिस प्रकार यज्ञ की अग्नि पवित्र होती है तथा उसके ताप में उष्णता होती है उसी प्रकार फादर बुल्के को याद करना शरीर और मन में ऊष्मा, उत्साह तथा पवित्र भावे भर देता है। अतः फादर की स्मृति किसी यज्ञ की पवित्र आगे और उसकी लौ की तरह आजीवन बनी रहेगी। 

(ख) मन्नू भंडारी और उनके पिता के बीच वैचारिक रूप से काफी मतभेद थे। उनके पिता अहंकारी, क्रोधी, शक्की तथा सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा के प्रति सजग रहने वाले व्यक्ति थे। यद्यपि वे आधुनिकता के समर्थक थे, वे स्त्रियों की प्रतिभा एवं क्षमता को समझते तथा । उनका सम्मान भी करते थे पर उनकी यह सारी भावना उनके दकियानूसी विचारों के तले दब जाती थी। लेखिका उनकी इन खामियों पर झल्लाती थी। वे लेखिका को घर-गृहस्थी के कार्यों से दूर रखकर जागरूक नागरिक बनाना चाहते थे, घर में राजनैतिक जमाबड़ो में भाग लेने की सीख देते थे पर घर के बाहर सक्रिय भागीदारी के विरूद्ध थे। इसके कारण वे पिता की दी हुई सीमित आजादी के दायरे में बँधना नहीं चाहती थी, वे आजाद ख्यालों की थी जिस कारण पिता-पुत्री में मतभेद होना स्वाभाविक था। इतना ही नहीं पिता पुत्री के विचारों को मतभेद विवाह के विषय में भी था। लेखिका राजेन्द्र के साथ विवाह करना चाहती थी परंतु पिता इसका विरोध करते थे। इन्हीं कारणों से लेखिका की अपने पिता के साथ वैचारिक टकराहट थी। 

(ग) नेताजी का चश्मा पाठ में बच्चों द्वारा मूर्ति पर सरकंडे का चश्मा लगाना यह प्रदर्शित करता है कि हमारी आने वाली भावी पीड़ी में भी देशभक्ति की भावना है। इस देश के नव निर्माण में न केवल युवा बल्कि बच्चा बच्चा भी अपना योगदान देने में तत्पर हैं। देशभक्त कैप्टन मरकर भी इस कस्बे के बच्चों में जिंदा हैं। 

(घ) बालगोबिन भगत का अपने सुस्त और बोदे से बेटे के साथ अत्यंत आत्मीय व्यवहार था। वे जानते थे कि इसे अधिक प्रेम की आवश्यकता है। क्योंकि ऐसे बच्चों को विशेष सेह व देखभाल की जरूरत होती है। यदि ऐसे बच्चों को तिरस्कार व अपेक्षित किया जाए तो उनमें असुरक्षा व हीनता की भावना जन्म लेगी एवं उनका भविष्य खतरे में पड़ जाएगा 

(ङ) लेखक ने सेकंड क्लास का टिकट इसलिए खरीदा क्योंकि लेखक का अनुमान था कि सेकंड क्लास का डिब्बा खाली होगा, जिससे वे भीड़ से बचकर नई कहानी के विषय में एकांत में चिंतन करने के साथ-साथ प्राकृतिक दृश्यों की शोभा भी निहार सकेंगे। 

 

प्रश्न 9.उत्तर (क) हर चंद्रिका में छिपी एक रात कृष्णा है- इस पंक्ति में कवि यह तथ्य अवगत कराना चाहते हैं कि मनुष्य को इस यथार्थको स्वीकार कर लेना चाहिए कि जीवन में सुख-दुख का चोली दामन का साथ होता है। जीवन में केवल सुख रूपी चाँदनी रातें ही नहीं अपितु दुख रूपी अमावस्या भी आती है। 

(ख) कवि ने यथार्थ पूजन की बात इसलिए कही है क्योंकि यथार्थ ही जीवन की वास्तविकता है, इसका सामना हर किसी को करना पड़ता है। भविष्य को सुंदर बनाने के लिए वर्तमान में परिश्रम करना पड़ता है। 

(ग) मृगतृष्णा का शाब्दिक अर्थ है-धोखा या भ्रम रेगिस्तान में रेत के टीलों पर चिलचिलाती धूप को पानी समझकर हिरण प्यास बुझाने दौड़ता है। इसी को मृगतृष्णा कहते हैं। इसका प्रतीकात्मक अर्थ भ्रमक चीजों से है जो सुख का भ्रम पैदा करती है। जो न होकर भी होने का आभास कराती है वही मृगतृष्णा है। 

 

प्रश्न 10.उत्तर: (क) संगतकार की मनुष्यता अपने स्वर को अधिक न उठाने की कोशिश करना ही मनुष्यता है। अपने स्वर को अधिक ऊँचा न उठाना उसकी इंसानियत है। वह अपनी मनुष्यता बनाए रखने के लिए कभी भी मुख्य गायक को अकेलेपन का अहसास नहीं होने देता। वह अपने राग के माध्यम से मुख्य गायकको यह भी बता देता है कि पहले गाया गया राग फिर से भीगाया जा सकता है। वह गाते समय यह कोशिश करता है कि उसका स्वर मुख्य गायक के स्वर से किसी भी हालत में ऊँचा न उठ जाय। 

(ख) वसंत ऋतु ऋतुओं का राजा है। इस ऋतु में प्रकृति ही निराला सौन्दर्य है। इस ऋतु में उद्यान में रंग-बिरंगे पुष्प दिखाई देते हैं। इस समय खेतों में गेहूँ, सरसों की फसलें कटने को तैयार हो जाती है। पीली सरसों की शोभा देखते ही बनती है, इस ऋतु को होली का । संदेशवाहक भी कहा जाता है क्योंकि बसंत ऋतु में ही रंगों का त्योहार होली मनायी जाती है। राग और रंग इसके प्रमुख अंग हैं। यह त्योहार वसंत पंचमी को आरम्भ हो जाता है। चारों ओर सौन्दर्य राशि बिखरी हई प्रतीत होती है। 

(ग) परशुराम ने लक्ष्मण को डराते हुए सभा में बताया कि मैं बाल ब्रह्मचारी हूँ और अत्यंत क्रोधी स्वभाव का हूँ। मैं क्षत्रियों के कुल का संहारक हूँ। यह बात इस विश्व में सभी जानते थे कि मैंने अनेक बार सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी को राजाओं से विहीन कर दिया है तथा पृथ्वी ब्राह्मणों को दान में दे दी है। मेरा फरसो बहुत भयानक है। इसी से मैंने सहस्रबाह की भुजाओं को काटकर शरीर से अलग कर दिया था। इस फरसे की भयंकरता को देखकर गर्भवती स्त्रियों के बच्चे गर्भ में ही मर जाते हैं। 

(घ) जब कोई वस्तु दान कर दी जाती है, तो वह अपनी नहीं रहती। इस सन्दर्भ में वस्तुएँ दान की जाती हैं। और कन्या कोई वस्तु नहीं है। परन्तु यदि उसका दान कर भी दिया जाता है, तो उससे सम्बन्धविच्छेद नहीं होता वह फिर भी अपने माता-पिता की लाड़ली रहती है तथा समय-समय पर अपने मायके आती जाती रहती है। आज समाज में लड़का व लड़की को समान अधिकार प्राप्त है। इस प्रकार हमारी दृष्टि में कन्या के साथ दान शब्द का कोई औचित्य नहीं है। हर माता-पिता कन्या के सुंदर भविष्य की कामना करते हैं, इसलिए वे इसे इस काबिल बना देते हैं कि उसका अपना अस्तित्व हो। 

(ङ) कवि ने शिशु की मुस्कान को दंतुरित मुस्कान इसलिए कहा है क्योंकि छोटे बच्चे के नए-नए दाँतों से झलकती लुभावनी मुस्कान मन मोह लेती है। बच्चे की दंतुरित मुस्कान का कवि के मन पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ता है। बच्चे की मोहक मुस्कान कवि के हृदय को प्रसन्नता से भर देती है। उसे लगता है कि जैसे कमल तालाब को छोड़कर उसकी झोंपड़ी में आकर खिल गया हो। कवि का हृदय बच्चे की मुस्कान को देखकर आह्लादित हो जाता है। 

 

प्रश्न 11.उत्तर: (क) जार्ज पंचम की नाक’ पाठ के आधार पर लेखक ने समाज एवं देश की बदहाल स्थितियों पर करारा व्यंग्य किया गया है। इस पाठ में दर्शाया गया है कि अंग्रेजी हुकूमत से आज़ादी प्राप्त करने के बाद भी सत्ता से जुड़े लोगों की औपनिवेशक दौर की मानसिकता के शिकार हैं। नाक मान-सम्मान व प्रतिष्ठा का प्रतीक है, जबकि कटी हुई नाक अपमान का प्रतीक है। जार्ज पंचम की नाक अर्थात् सम्मान एक साधारण भारतीय की नाक से भी छोटी (कम) है, फिर भी सरकारी अधिकारी उनकी नाक बचाने के लिए जी जान से लगे रहे। अंत में किसी जीवित व्यक्ति की नाक काटकर जार्ज पंचम की नाक लगा दी गई। केवल दिखावे के लिए या दूसरों को खुश करने के लिए अपनों की इज्जत के साथ खिलवाड़ की जाती है। यह पूरी प्रक्रिया भारतीय जनता के आत्मसम्मान पर प्रहार दर्शाती है। इसमें सत्ता से जुड़े लोगों की मानसिकता पर व्यंग्य है। 

अथवा 

प्रश्न 11.उत्तर:जिस प्रकार सिक्किम की युवती के कथन में मैं इंडियन हूँ से स्पष्ट होता है कि वे जाति, धर्म, संप्रदाय से कहीं अधिक राष्ट्र होता है। उसी प्रकार हम भी अपने राष्ट्र के प्रति अपना कर्तव्य निभाकर देश के प्रति अपना प्रेम प्रदर्शित करेंगे। हम आजकल कई पर्यटन स्थलों में लोग आधुनिकता के रंग में रंगी हुई, प्रकृति को जाने-अनजाने नष्ट कर रहे हैं। वहाँ के सौंदर्य को नष्ट कर रहे हैं। इसे रोकना होगा नहीं तो हम प्रकृति के सौंदर्य से वंचित रहेंगे। हमें एक जागरूक नागरिक होने के नाते जन-जन में स्वच्छता का संदेश देना होगा। पर्यावरण को स्वच्छ बनाने के लिए लोगों को अधिक-से-अधिक वृक्षारोपण करने, पेड़ों को न काटने, प्रदूषण फैलाने वाले वाहनों एव उपकरणों के कम से कम प्रयोग आदि के प्रति जागरूक करने का प्रयास करेंगे।

खण्ड ‘घ’

प्रश्न 12.उत्तर: निबंध 

कमरतोड़ महँगाई महँगाई का अर्थ होता है वस्तुओं की कीमत में वृद्धि होना। इस महँगाई पर ही पूरे देश की अर्थव्यवस्था टिकी होती है। मॅहगाई मनुष्य के जीवन शैली को प्रभावित करती है। आप समाज की यह प्रमुख समस्या है जिसने उच्च, मध्यम व निम्न सभी वर्गों की कमर तोड़ रखी 

महँगाई की समस्या न केवल भारत बल्कि पूरे विश्व की गंभीर समस्या बन गई है। इस समस्या के कारण बहुत से देशों का आर्थिक स्तर घटता है। हमारा देश, भारत जनसंख्या की दृष्टि से दूसरा बड़ा देश है। पर उस तरह की पैदावार नहीं हो पा रही है जिससे आए दिन सामानों के दाम बढ़ते हैं। आजादी के बाद भारत में तीन चीजें हमेशा बढ़ती रही हैं भ्रष्टाचार, असमानता और महँगाई। ये तीनों सगी बहनें हैं। ये एक साथ बढ़ती हैं। भ्रष्टाचार बढ़ता है तो धनवान और धनी होते जाते हैं और गरीब बिल्कुल लगोंटी यारी हो जाते हैं। काले धन के कारण कालाबाजारी बढ़ती है। उससे मँहगाई बढ़ती है। 

हमारे देश के अमीर लोग इस मॅहगाई के सबसे अधिक जिम्मेदार होते हैं। आपात काल के शुरू-शुरू में वस्तुओं की कीमत कम रखने की परंपरा चली लेकिन व्यापरी अपनी मनमानी करते हैं, सामान्य जनता पर महँगाई का सबसे अधिक प्रभाव पड़ता है। उसके पास सीमित पूँजी होती है और उसकी खरीदने की शक्ति कमजोर हो जाती है। अफसरशाही नेता, व्यापारी ये सभी मँहगाई को बढ़ाने के लिए बहुत अधिक जिम्मेदार हैं। इससे समाज पर दुष्प्रभाव पड़ता है। 

यदि सरकार मुद्रास्फीति पर रोक लगाए तो शायद महँगाई पर कुछ तो लगाम लग सकेगी। सरकार को अधिक पैमाने पर गांवों का विकास कर उन्हें जागरूक करना चाहिए जिससे वे आधुनिक संसाधनों का प्रयोग करे और पैदावार बढ़ाए। 

हमारी अधिकांश समस्याओं का मूल कारण जनसंख्या है। जब तक जनसंख्या को वश में नहीं किया जाएगा मॅहगाई वश में नहीं आयेगी। महँगाई को वश में करने के लिए उचित राष्ट्र नीति जरूरी है। मॅहगाई को रोकने के लिए लोगों को अपनी जमाखोरी की प्रवृत्ति छोड़नी होगी। उपभोक्ता को भी उतनी ही वस्तुएं खरीदनी चाहिए जितनी कि उसे आवश्यकता हो । दोबारा जरूरत पड़ने पर उपभोक्ता को तभी सामान लेना चाहिए। इस तरह से महँगाई पर काबू रखा जा सकता है। 

(ख) स्वच्छ भारत अभियान 

एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर स्वच्छता आज केवल घर या मुहल्ले तक नहीं बल्कि इसका दायरा काफी बड़ा बन गया है। देश और राष्ट्र की स्वच्छता से ही वास्तविक विकास हो सकता है। जिस देश का नागरिक स्वच्छता के प्रति सजग होगा उस देश का विकास अबाध गति से होगा। प्रत्येक नागरिक का कर्तव्य है कि वह अपने देश की स्वच्छता में अपना सहयोग दें। इसी को ध्यान में रखते हुए हमारी सरकार ने स्वच्छ भारत अभियान चलाया है जिसमें यह प्रण लिया गया है कि प्रत्येक गली, मुहल्ला, सड़कों से लेकर शौचालय का निर्माण कराना और बुनियादी ढांचे को बदलना एवं स्वच्छता का संदेश फैलाना। 

अस्वच्छता से विभिन्न प्रकार की हनियाँ हैं। स्वच्छ वातावरण से पर्यावरण का विकास संभव है। हम सभी जानते हैं कि हमारा वातावरण ग्लोबल वार्मिंग की समस्या से ग्रस्त है पर इससे कुछ अंशों में युक्त। का एकमात्र साधन स्वच्छता है। जिस तरह का स्वच्छ परिवेश से वातावरण में कोई रोग-बीमारी का खतरा नहीं होगा। पहले गांवों में लोग खुले में शौच जाते थे पर इस अभियान द्वारा जनता जागरूक हो गई एवं उन्हें शौचालय का महत्व समझ में आया है। सड़कों, गलियों को स्वच्छ रखना जिससे वहाँ रहने वाले लोग स्वस्थ रहेंगे। 

हमारे पूज्यनीय गांधी जी स्वच्छता के प्रति अत्यंत जागरूक थे उन्हीं के सिद्धांतों को आगे बढ़ाते हुए हमारे प्रधानमंत्री श्री नरेन्द्र मोदी जी ने 2 अक्टूबर 2014 को इस आंदोलन से जोड़ने की मुहिम चलाई है। इस आंदोलन को जन-जन तक पहुँचाने के लिए हमारे अभिनेता-अभिनेत्री सब स्कूल, कॉलेजों वे सरकारी कार्यालयों ने अहम भूमिका निभाई है। अब वह समय दूर नहीं जब हम गांधी जी के सपने को साकार कर पाएंगे। 

इसलिए हमें ‘स्वच्छ भारत अभियान में बढ़चद कर हिस्सा लेना चाहिए और कुछ नहीं तो हमें कम से कम रोज हमारी गली को साफ करना चाहिए। शिक्षा के प्रसार प्रचार को बढ़ावा देकर जनता को स्वच्छता के प्रति जागरूक करना चाहिए। स्वच्छ भारत अभियान में आप भी भागीदार बने लोगों को स्वच्छता के प्रति जागरूक बनाएं। 

(ग) बदलती जीवन शैली स्वस्थ जीवन शैली एक अच्छे जीवन की नींव है। हालांकि इस जीवन शैली को हासिल करने में ज्यादा मेहनत नहीं लगती बल्कि कई लोग व्यावसायिक प्रतिबद्धताओं दृढ़ संकल्प की कमी और अन्य कारणों द्वारा इसका पालन नहीं कर पाते स्वस्थ रहने के लिए किस प्रकार की शैली अपनाना है यह जानना ज्यादा जरूरी हैं। 

आजकल की पीढ़ी कम्यूटर मोबाइल, बर्गर, पिज्जा और देर रात की पार्टियों पर आधारित है-मूल रूप से ये सब अस्वास्थ्यकर है। पेशेवर प्रतिबद्धताओं और व्यक्तिगत मुद्दों ने सभी को जकड़ लिया है। और इन सभी आवश्यकताओं के बीच वे अपना स्वास्थ्य खो रहे हैं। इन दिनों लोग अपने दैनिक जीवन में इतने व्यस्त हो गए हैं कि वे भूल गए हैं कि एक स्वस्थ जीवन जीने के क्या मायने हैं। हम स्वस्थकर आदतें अपनाकर अपनी जीवन शैली में सुधारा जा सकता है यदि हम प्रातः भ्रमण, योगा व मेडिटेशन का जीवन में समावेश करें तो हमारा स्वास्थ्य अच्छा हो पाएगा। शरीर में अनेक शक्तियाँ निहित हैं, यदि हम उन शक्तियों को पहचान लेंगे तो हम निरोग रहेंगे। 

 

प्रश्न 13.उत्तर: पत्र

सेवा में, 

            थानाध्यक्ष महोदय, 

            तिलक नगर थाना, 

            नई दिल्ली-110018 

दिनांक-23 मार्च 20xx 

विषय-अपराधों की रोकथाम के संदर्भ में। 

माननीय महोदय, 

मैं दिल्ली के तिलक नगर का रहने वाला हूँ। मुझे अत्यंत दु:ख के साथ आपको सूचित करना पड़ रहा है कि हमारी कॉलोनी में दिन प्रतिदिन अपराध बढ़ रहे हैं। पहले यह कॉलोनी शांतिप्रिय थी पर अब यहाँ हम भय में जीवन जी रहे हैं। महिलाएँ तो घर से निकलने में कतराती हैं। कुछ सप्ताह पहले दो महिलाओं का किसी राह चलते लूटेरे ने पर्स छीन लिया और कल तो हद ही हो गई घर के सामने किसी काम से मेरी माता जी खड़ी थीं वहाँ राह चलते किसी ने उनकी चेन खींचकर ही भाग गया। घर के सदस्य उसके पीछे भागे परंतु वह तेजी से नौ दो ग्यारह हो गया। पुरे क्षेत्र में चोरी व छीनने की घटनाओं के कारण भय का माहौल हैं। लोग घर से निकलने में भी कतराते हैं। 

अत: आप से विनम्र निवेदन है कि हमारी उचित सुरक्षा का प्रबंध करे व प्रतिदिन पुलिस की गश्त लगाते रहे। इससे हमें सुरक्षा का भाव मिले। 

धन्यवाद, 

भवदीय, 

अ.ब.स 

अथवा 

प्रश्न 13.उत्तर:

परीक्षा भवन, 

नई दिल्ली 

दिनांक 23 मार्च 20xx 

प्रिय मित्र नीरज, 

सस्नेह अभिवादन, मैं कुशलतापूर्वक दिल्ली पहुँच गया हूँ। आशा है तुम भी ठीक होंगे। बहुत बहुत धन्यवाद मित्र। इस ग्रीष्मकाल के अवकाश को तुमने यादगार बना दिया। मैंने स्वपन में भी इस तरह का नजारा नहीं देखा जो तुमने मुझे शिमला में दिखाया। तुम्हारे व तुम्हारे परिवार के सहयोग द्वारा ही हमारी यह मात्रा यादगार बनी। सच में तुम तो प्रकृति की गोद में ही रहते हो। इतना सुंदर दृश्य तुमने हमें पहाड़ियों से दिखाया जैसे स्वर्ग हो। मैं अपने शब्दों द्वारा भी उस प्राकृतिक दृश्यों का वर्णन नहीं कर सकता। यहाँ आकर के मुझे दोबारा तुम्हारे साथ बिताए गए समय का स्मरण हो रहा है। मेरे माता-पिता जी भी तुम्हारे व तुम्हारे परिवार वालों को याद कर रहे हैं। मेरी माता तो तुम्हारी माता जी की मित्र ही बन गई थी। सच में दो परिवारों के साथ मिलकर की गई यात्रा यादगार ही बन जाती है। आशा है तुम भी परिवार सहित दिल्ली आओ तो हम सभी साथ मिलकर मथुरा-वृंदावन घूमने चलेंगे। चाचा जी व चाची जी को मेरा प्रणाम कहना एवं बहन को स्नेह देना। तुमसे पुनः मिलने की आशा में।

तुम्हारा मित्र ऋषि

प्रश्न 14.उत्तर: दान एक पुण्य 

आइए पुण्य कमाइए 

रोटरी क्लब की ओर से केरल के बाढ़पीड़ितों के लिए सहायता आपकी सहायता किसी की जिंदगी को सुरक्षित कर सकती है। तो देर किस बात की गाँधी मैदान में आकर अपना सहयोग दें. 

(सहयोग राशि कुछ भी हो सकती है) शिविर 7,8,9 अप्रैल 2019 तक ही। 

अन्य जानकारी हेतु संपर्क करें 8979645321, 011-254639 

रोटरी क्लब ऑफिस गाँधी मैदान, 

जनकपुरी नई दिल्ली। 

अथवा

Hindi 10th Previous Year Question Paper 2016 (CBSE)

हिन्दी

खण्ड ‘क’  

प्रश्न 1. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़िए तथा नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के लिए सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए। [5] निस्संदेह यह फैशन विद्यार्थियों के लिए महँगा सौदा है। वे घरवालों के लिए समस्या बन जाते हैं। अध्यापक उन्हें सिर दर्द समझते हैं। समाज जो उन्हें भावी भारत समझता है उसकी आशाएँ निराधार हो जाती हैं, क्योंकि बचपन की चंचलता के कारण सस्ती भावना में भटककर वे अपने बहुमूल्य उद्देश्य विद्या को भूल जाते हैं। हमारी वेशभूषा का अच्छा या बुरा प्रभाव दूसरों की अपेक्षा हम पर अधिक पड़ता है। उसका प्रभाव हमारी भौतिक उन्नति पर ही नहीं, चरित्र पर भी पड़ता है। अंग्रेजी के प्रसिद्ध विचारक और लेखक एमर्सन का कहना है कि सौम्य वेश से जो आत्मशांति मिलती है, वह धर्म से भी नहीं मिलती। सौम्य वेशधारी छात्र अपने मार्ग से भटकता नहीं है। उसका ध्यान केवल और केवल लक्ष्य पर केन्द्रित रहता है और ऐसे ही लोगों की आज जरूरत है, ताकि हमारा देश उन्नति की ओर निरन्तर अग्रसर रहे। 

(i) आत्मशान्ति मिलती है: 

    (क) धर्म से 

    (ख) सेवा से 

   (ग) सौम्य वेश से 

   (घ) फैशन से 

(ii) विद्यार्थी का बहुमूल्य उद्देश्य है: 

   (क) धन कमाना। 

   (ख) विद्या प्राप्ति

   (ग) फैशन करना 

   (घ) महंगा सौदा 

(ii) उसका प्रभाव हमारे चरित्र पर पड़ता है : 

   (क) हमारी चंचलता का 

   (ख) भावना का 

    (ग) स्वभाव का

   (घ) वेशभूषा का 

(iv) ‘बुरा प्रभाव में बुरा किस प्रकार का विशेषण हैं? 

   (क) परिमाणवाचक 

   (ख) सार्वनामिक 

   (ग) गुणवाचक

   (घ) गणनावाचक 

(v) “भौतिक शब्द में मूलशब्द तथा प्रत्यय है :

   (क) भूत + इक 

   (ख) भौत + इक 

   (ग) भू+तिक 

   (घ) भूति+क 

 

 

प्रश्न 2. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए। 

जब व्यक्ति स्वावलंबी होगा, उसमें आत्मनिर्भरता होगी, तो ऐसा कोई कार्य नहीं जिसे वह न कर सके। स्वावलंबी मनुष्य के सामने कोई भी कार्य आ जाए, तो वह अपने दृढ़ विश्वास से अपने आत्मबल से उसे अवश्य ही संपूर्ण कर लेगा। स्वावलंबी मनुष्य जीवन में कभी भी असफलता का मुँह नहीं देखता। वह जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में निरंतर कामयाब होता जाता है। सफलता तो स्वावलंबी मनुष्य की दासी बनकर रहती है। जिस व्यक्ति का स्वयं अपने आप पर ही विश्वास नहीं वह भला क्या कर पाएगा? 

परंतु इसके विपरीत जिस व्यक्ति में आत्मनिर्भरता होगी, वह कभी किसी के सामने नहीं झुकेगा। वह जो करेगा सोच-समझ कर धैर्य से करेगा। मनुष्य में सबसे बड़ी कमी स्वावलंबन का न होना है। सबसे बड़ा गुण भी मनुष्य की आत्मनिर्भरता ही है। 

(i) गद्यांश के अनुसार मनुष्य का सबसे बड़ा गुण माना गया 

    (क) आत्मनिर्भरता 

    (ख) मधुर भाषण 

    (ग) स्पष्टवादिता 

    (घ) सत्यवादिता 

(ii) स्वावलंबी व्यक्ति द्वारा किसी काम को कर डालने का मूल आधार होता है उसका 

    (क) दृढ़ विश्वास और विवेक। 

    (ख) स्पष्टवादिता और विवेक 

    (ग) आत्मबल और दृढ़ विश्वास। 

    (घ) सत्यवादिता और आत्मबल। 

(iii) स्वावलंबी व्यक्ति की दासी होती है 

    (क) असफलता 

    (ख) याचकता 

    (ग) दरिद्रता 

    (घ) सफलता 

(iv) आत्मनिर्भर व्यक्ति को सहज गुण है कि वह 

    (क) धैर्यपूर्वक काम करता है। 

    (ख) प्रेमपूर्वक रहता है।

    (ग) सोच-समझकर धैर्य से काम करता है। 

    (घ) अपने विवेक से सुखी रहता है। 

(v) “कामयाब” शब्द है 

    (क) तत्सम 

    (ख) तद्रव 

    (ग) देशज 

    (घ) आगत  

 

 

प्रश्न 3. निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़े तथा नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के लिए सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखें : 

यह बुरा है या कि अच्छा, व्यर्थ दिन इस पर बिताना, जब असम्भव छोड़ यह पथ दूसरे पर पग बढ़ाना, तू इसे अच्छा समझ, यात्रा सरल इससे बनेगी, सोच मत केवल तुझे ही यह पड़ा मन में बिठाना, हर सफल पंथी यही विश्वास ले इस पर बढ़ा है, तू इसी पर आज अपने चित्त का अपधान कर ले, पूर्व चलने के बटोही, बाट की पहचान कर ले। कौन कहता है कि स्वप्नों को न आने दें हृदय में, देखते सब हैं इन्हें उसकी उमर अपने समय में, और तू कर यत्न भी तो मिल नहीं सकती सफलता, ये उदय होते लिए कुछ ध्येय नयनों के लिये, किन्तु जग के पथ पर यदि स्वप्न दो तो सत्य दो सौ, स्वप्न पर ही मुग्धा हो, सत्य का भी ज्ञान कर ले, पूर्व चलने के बटोही, बाट की पहचान कर ले। 

(i) हर सफल व्यक्ति किस ध्येय को अपनाकर सफल हुआ 

    (क) दृढ़ निश्चय 

    (ख) निरन्तर परिश्रम 

    (ग) आशावादिता

    (घ) विश्वास 

(ii) स्वप्न पर ही मुग्धा मत हो, सत्य का भी ज्ञान कर ले, पंक्ति का आशय बताइए 

    (क) हमें अच्छे-अच्छे स्वप्न देखने चाहिए 

    (ख) स्वप्नों से मोहित न होकर वास्तविकता का ज्ञान करना चाहिए 

    (ग) हमें स्वप्न भी देखने चाहिए तथा सत्य का ज्ञान भी करना चाहिए। 

    (घ) इनमें से कोई नहीं 

(iii) बटोही और बाट से यहाँ क्या तात्पर्य है 

    (क) रास्ता और राहगीर 

    (ख) लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के लिए प्रयत्नशील मनुष्य और उसका लक्ष्य मार्ग 

    (ग) मार्ग पर चलने वाला पथिक

    (घ) पथिक और रास्ता 

(iv) “कौन कहता है कि स्वप्नों को पंक्ति में अलंकार निर्देश कीजिए 

    (क) अनुप्रास 

    (ख) श्लेष 

    (ग) उपमा 

    (घ) रूपक 

(v) उपर्युक्त का उचित शीर्षक दीजिए। 

    (क) बटोही 

    (ख) बाट 

    (ग) स्वप्न और सत्य

    (घ) सफलता 

 

 

प्रश्न 4. निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़े तथा नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के लिए सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखें 

आओ मिलें सब देश बांधव हार बनकर देश के 

साधक बने सब प्रेम से सुख शांतिमय उद्देश्य के 

क्या सांप्रदायिक भेद से है ऐक्य मिट सकता अहो? 

बनती नहीं क्या एक माला विविधा सुमनों की कहो। 

रखो परस्पर मेल, मनसे छोड़कर अविवेकता, 

मन का मिलन ही है, होती उसी से एकता। 

सब बैर और विरोध का बल बोध से वरण करो।

है भिन्नता में खिन्नता ही, एकता धारण करो। 

है कार्य ऐसा कौन सा साधो न जिसको एकता, 

देती नहीं अद्भुत अलौकिक शक्ति किसको एकता। 

दो एक एकादश हुए किसने नहीं देखे सुने, 

हाँ, शून्य के भी योग से हैं अंक होते दश गुने। 

(i) कवि किस प्रकार देशवासियों से मिलने की बात कर रहा 

    (क) विविध पुष्पों के हार के रूप में 

    (ख) सुख-शांति प्राप्त करने के लिए 

    (ग) संगठित हो जाने के लिए 

    (घ) फूलों का हार भेंट करके 

(ii) देशवासियों के लिए एकता ही वरेण्य है, क्योंकि

    (क) एकता से अलौकिक शक्ति प्राप्त होती है। 

    (ख) एकता से सभी कार्य सिद्ध हो जाते हैं। 

    (ग) देश में एकता स्थायी नहीं रह सकती 

    (घ) (क) व (ख) दोनों ही 

(iii) साम्प्रदायिक विविधता की तुलना की है 

    (क) देश में अनेक संप्रदाय फैले हैं। 

    (ख) अनेक प्रकार के फूलों से बनी माला से 

    (ग) धर्म संप्रदाय सुन्दर फूलों जैसे हैं। 

    (घ) उपयुक्त में से कोई नहीं 

(iv) ‘दो एक एकादश हुए पंक्ति मुहावरे का काव्यात्मक प्रयोग है, वह मुहावरा है 

    (क) दो और दो चार है। 

    (ख) एक और एक ग्यारह हैं। 

    (ग) दो और एक एकादश होते हैं। 

    (घ) संगठन से ताकत आती है। 

(v) उपयुक्त गद्यांश का उपयुक्त शीर्षक विकल्पों से छाँटिए।’ 

    (क) फूलों का हार 

    (ख) अनेकता में एकता 

    (ग) देश-बांधव

    (घ) सांप्रदायिक सद्भाव 

 

खण्ड ‘ख’

(व्यावहारिक व्याकरण) 

प्रश्न 5. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों के रचना के आधार पर भेद लिखिए-

(क) सरला अपने घर में बैठकर ही पढ़ती रहती है। 

(ख) ज्यों ही घंटी बजी त्यों ही सभी छात्र घरों की ओर चल पड़े। 

(ग) कठिन परिश्रम करो और पास होकर दिखाओ 

 

 

प्रश्न 6. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में निर्देशानुसार वाच्य-परिवर्तन कीजिए। 

(क) रामचन्द्र रोज रामायण पढ़ता है। (कर्मवाच्य में) 

(ख) सुरेन्द्र द्वारा फुटबाल खेला जाता है। (कर्तृवाच्य में) 

(ग) जगदीश तो रो भी नहीं सका।। (भाववाच्य में)

(घ) श्यामसुंदर के घर कल कौन गीता पढ़ रहा था? (कर्मवाच्य में) 

 

 

प्रश्न 7. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में रेखांकित पदों का पद-परिचय लिखिए।

(क) भूषण वीर रस के कवि थे। 

(ख) वह अपनी कक्षा का मॉनीटर है। 

(ग) धीरे-धीरे जाओ और बाजार से पेन ले आओ। 

(घ) हमेशा तेज चला करो। 

 

 

प्रश्र 8. निम्न प्रश्नों के निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए : 

(क) रौद्र रस का आलम्बन विभाव लिखिए। 

(ख) श्रृंगार रस का उद्दीपन विभाव लिखिए। 

(ग) राम को रूप निहारति जानकी कंकन के नग की परिछाही में रस बताइये। 

(घ) रीझहिं राजकुंवरि छवि देखी, इनहिं बरहि हरि जानि विशेखी में रस का उल्लेख कीजिए। 

 

 

खण्ड ‘ग’  

 

प्रश्न 9. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए। 

जीप कस्बा छोड़कर आगे बढ़ गई तब भी हालदार साहब इस मूर्ति के बारे में ही सोचते रहे, और अन्त में इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचे चल कि कुल मिलाकर कस्बे के नागरिकों का यह प्रयास सराहनीय ही कहा जाना चाहिए। महत्त्व मूर्ति के रंग-रूप या कद का नहीं, उस भावना का है वरना तो देशभक्ति भी आजकल मजाक की चीज होती जा रही है। दूसरी बार जब हालदार साहब उधर से गुजरे तो उन्हें मूर्ति में कुछ अन्तरे दिखाई दिया। ध्यान से देखा तो पाया कि चश्मा दूसरा है। पहले मोटे फ्रेमवाला चौकोर चश्मा था. अब तार के फ्रेमवाला गोल चश्मा है। हालदार साहब का कौतुक और बढ़ा। वाह भई! क्या आइडिया है। मूर्ति कपड़े नहीं बदल सकती लेकिन चश्मा तो बदल ही सकती है। 

(क) हालदार साहब को कस्बे के नागरिकों का कौन-सा प्रयास सराहनीय लगा और उन्हें इसमें उनके किस भाव की अनुभूति हुई? 

(ख) दूसरी बार उधर से जाने पर हालदार साहब को मूर्ति में क्या अंतर दिखाई दिया और इससे उन्हें कैसा लगा? 

(ग) गद्यांश के पाठ का तथा लेखक का नाम लिखिए। 

 

 

प्रश्न 10. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के संक्षिप्त उत्तर दीजिए 

(क) बालगोबिन भगत बेटे की मृत्यु पर रोती हुई पतोहू से उत्सव मनाने को क्यों कह रहे थे? इस संदर्भ में उनका दर्शन किससे प्रभावित था? 

(ख) नवाब के थककर लेट जाने का कारण लेखक ने क्या बताया? 

(ग) लेखक ने फादर कामिल बुल्के को मानवीय करुणा की दिव्य चमक क्यों कहा है? 

(घ) मूर्ति के असली चश्मे के विषय में हालदार साहब की जिज्ञासा का पान वाले ने क्या कहकर समाधान किया? उस समाधान से चश्मा बदलने वाले के प्रति हालदार साहब की कैसी विचारधारा बनी और उन्होंने आज के लोगों तथा कौम के प्रति क्या चिंता प्रकट की? 

(ङ) बालगोबिन भगत ने अपने पुत्र की मृत्यु के बाद पतोहू के साथ कैसा व्यवहार किया? उनके इस व्यवहार को आप कहाँ तक उचित मानते हैं?

 

 

प्रश्न 11. निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए फसल क्या है? 

और तो कुछ नहीं है 

वह नदियों के पानी का जादू है वह, 

हाथों के स्पर्श की महिमा है 

भूरी-काली-संदली मिट्टी का गुण-धर्म है 

रूपांतर है सूरज की किरणों का

सिमटा हुआ संकोच है हवा की थिरकन का। 

(क) फसल नदियों के पानी का जादू किस तरह है? स्पष्ट कीजिए। 

(ख) फसल किसको गुण-धर्म होता है और किस तरह? 

(ग) हवा फसल को ऑक्सीजन देकर उसे बढ़ने में सहयोग देती है। 

 

प्रश्न 12. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के संक्षिप्त उत्तर दीजिए। 

(क) “मदन महीप जूको बालक बसंत ताहि’ में प्रयुक्त अलंकार का नाम लिखिए तथा पंक्ति का काव्य सौंदर्य स्पष्ट कीजिए।

(ख) कवि ने जो सुख का स्वप्न देखा था उसे कविता में किस रूप में अभिव्यक्त किया है?

(ग) कवि को बच्चे की मुस्कान किस वशता में और अधिक शोभाशाली लग उठती है? “यह दंतुरित मुसकान पाठ के आधार पर स्पष्ट कीजिए। 

(घ) “कहीं साँस लेते हो, घर-घर भर देते हो” पंक्ति में किसकी विशिष्टता व्यंजित हुई है? बताइए कि वह उसकी कौन-सी खूबी है जिससे घर-घर भर जाता है? अट नहीं रही है कविता के आधार पर उत्तर दीजिए। 

(ङ) सूरदास की काव्य-भाषा की दो प्रमुख विशेषताएँ बताइए?

 

 

प्रश्न 13. “छाती पर चढ़कर बाप की पूँछे उखाड़ता हुआ छोटा बच्चा बुरा क्यों नहीं लगता।” “माता का आँचल पाठ के आधार पर इस तथ्य का विश्लेषण करते हुए बताइए कि पिता बच्चों का लालन-पालन कैसे करते हैं।

 

 

खण्ड ‘घ’  

प्रश्र 14 दिए गए संकेत-बिंदुओं के आधार पर निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर 200-250 शब्दों में निबंध लिखिए। 

मेरा भारत, 

• भूमिका 

• भारत की परंपराएं 

• ज्ञानी तथा जगत्गुरु 

• विश्व का आकर्षण 

• विविधता में एकता, 

• आजादी 

• कल्पनाएं 

• उपसंहार 

अथवा 

विद्यार्थी जीवन के लक्ष्य 

• भूमिका . विद्यार्थी जीवन की आवश्यकताएँ 

• व्यसनों से दूरी 

• विद्यार्थी की लक्ष्य केंद्रिकता 

• उपसंहार 

अथवा 

प्रकृति से छेड़खानी 

• भूमिका 

• छेड़खानी के स्वरूप 

• बढ़ता प्रदूषण 

• सुरक्षा और संरक्षण के उपाय 

• उपसंहार  

 

 

 

प्रश्न 15. अपनी योग्यता तथा खेलों में रुचि का परिचय देते हुए अपने विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य महोदय को विद्यालय के वार्षिकोत्सव के अवसर पर आयोजित खेलों में भाग लेने की अनुमति के लिए प्रार्थना-पत्र लिखिए।  

 

 

प्रश्न 16. निम्नांकित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और लगभग एक तिहाई शब्दों में उसका सार लिखिए। 

 

Answer

खण्ड ‘क’

Q.1 उत्तरः (i) (ग) सौम्य वेश से 

(ii) (ख) विद्या प्राप्ति 

(iii) (घ) वेशभूषा का 

(iv) (ग) गुणवाचक 

(v) (ख) भौत + इक 

 

Q.2 उत्तर: (i) (क) आत्मनिर्भरता 

(ii) (ग) आत्मबल और दृढ़ विश्वास 

(iii) (घ) सफलता 

(iv) (ग) सोच-समझकर धैर्य से काम करता है। 

(v) (घ) आगत

 

Q3. उत्तर: (i) (क) विश्वास 

(ii) (ख) स्वप्नों से मोहित न होकर वास्तविकता का ज्ञान करना चाहिए। 

(iii) (घ) पथिक और रास्ता

(iv) (क) अनुप्रास अलंकार 

(v) (ग) स्वप्न और सत्य 

 

Q4. उत्तर: (i) (क) विविध पुष्पों के हार के रूप में 

(ii) (क) और (ख) दोनों ही 

(iii) (ख) अनेक प्रकार के फूलों से बनी माला से ।

(iv) (ख) एक और एक ग्यारह है। 

(v) (ख) अनेकता में एकता 

खण्ड ‘ख’

Q.5 उत्तर: (क) सरल वाक्य 

(ख) मिश्र वाक्य 

(ग) संयुक्त वाक्य

 

Q.6 उत्तरः (क) कर्मवाच्य- रामचंद्र द्वारा रोज रामायण पढ़ी जाती है। 

(ख) कर्मवाच्य- सुरेन्द्र फुटबाल खेलता है। 

(ग) भाववाच्य- जगदीश से तो रोया भी नहीं जा सका। 

(घ) कर्मवाच्य- श्यामसुन्दर के घर कल किसके द्वारा गीता पढ़ी गई थी। 

 

Q.7 उत्तर: पद परिचय: भूषण- व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा, एकवचन, पुल्लिग, कर्ताकारक कवि थे क्रिया का कर्ता। 

वह-सर्वनाम, पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम, एकवचन, पुल्लिग कर्ताकारक है क्रिया का कर्ता और समानाधिकरण समुच्चयबोधक, दो शब्दों को जोड़ता है। 

तेज विशेषण-क्रिया विशेषण, ‘चला करो विशेषण का विशेष्य है।

 

Q.8 उत्तर: (क) क्रोध दिलाने का कारण 

(ख) आलम्बन का सौन्दर्य, उसकी चेष्टाएँ, प्रकृति, उपवन, स्थल तथा अन्य सानुकूल चेष्टाएँ 

(ग) संयोग श्रृंगार 

(घ) वात्सल्य रस 

खण्ड ‘ग’

Q.9 उत्तरः (क) हालदार साहब को कस्बे के लोगों का मूर्ति लगाने का काम सराहनीय लगा। उसमें उन्हें उनकी देशभक्ति की भावना की अनुभूति हुई। 

(ख) दूसरी बार उधर से जाने पर हालदार साहब को मूर्ति का चश्मा बदला हुआ दिखा और उन्हें यह आइडिया अच्छा लगा। 

(ग) नेताजी का चश्मा’ पाठ का नाम व लेखक-स्वयं प्रकाश 

 

Q.10 उत्तरः (क) भगत अपनी रोती हुई पतोहू को उत्सव मनाने के लिए आज इसलिए कह रहे थे क्योंकि उनका मानना था कि आज आत्मा परमात्मा से जा मिली है। इस संबंध में उनका दर्शन कबीर से प्रभावित था। 

(ख) नवाब के थककर लेट जाने का कारण-नवाब साहब का खीरे को धोना, काटना, सूंघना व पेट भर गया, इस नाटक का कारण बताया। 

(ग) लेखक ने फादर कामिल बुल्के को मानवीय करुणा की दिव्य चमक इसलिए कहा क्योंकि फादर मानवीय स्वभाव से युक्त सन्यासी जैसी छवि वाले थे, सन्यासी की भाँति स्नेह, अपनत्व का भाव रखते थे। मानव कल्याण में जीवन समर्पण करते हुए भी वह सामान्य मनुष्यों की तरह संबंधों का निर्माण और निर्वाह करते थे। 

(घ) मूर्ति के असली चश्मे के विषय में हालदार साहब की जिज्ञासा का पानवाले ने यह कहकर समाधान किया कि मास्टर मूर्ति पर चश्मा लगाना भूल गया था। उस समाः शान से हालदार साहब की विचारधारा बनी कि देशभक्ति की सच्ची भावना आज भी जीवित है. परन्तु उन्हें यही चिन्ता थी कि वर्तमान पीढ़ी की घटती देशभक्ति और बढ़ते स्वार्थ के प्रति देश के भविष्य का क्या होगा? 

(ङ) भगत ने अपने पुत्र की मृत्यु के बाद पतोहू के साथ बहुत अच्छा व्यवहार किया। उन्होंने उसे उसके भाई को सौंप दिया व पुनः उसका विवाह करने का आदेश दिया व उसके मना करने पर घर छोड़कर जाने की दलील दे डाली। उनके इस व्यवहार को हम पूर्ण रूप से उचित मानते हैं क्योंकि पति की मृत्यु के बाद पुनः विवाह न करना व वैसी ही जिन्दगी जीते रहना उचित नहीं है। 

 

Q.11 उत्तर:(क) फसल नदियों के पानी का जादू है क्योंकि इसी से सिंचित होकर फसल के रूप में परिणत होकर हमारे सामने आती है।

(ख) फसल मिट्टी का गुण-धर्म होता है क्योंकि जैसी मिट्टी होती है, फसल भी वैसी ही होती है।

(ग) हवा फसल को ऑक्सीजन देकर उसे बढ़ने में सहयोग देती है।

 

Q.12 उत्तर: (ग) कवि को बच्चे की मुस्कान उसके दाँत निकलने के बाद अधिक शोभाशाली लग उठती है क्योंकि जब वह हँसता हुआ उसकी झोंपड़ी में घूमता है, एक टक निहारता है, तो कवि उस पर मंत्रमुग्ध हो जाता है। 

(घ) इस पंक्ति में फूलों की विशिष्टता व्यंजित हुई है। जब फागुन मास में चारों ओर फूल खिले होते हैं, उनकी सुगंध से घर-घर भर जाता है। 

(ङ) सूरदास की काव्य भाषा की दो प्रमुख विशेषताएँ ये हैं 

(i) ब्रज भाषा में गोपियों का प्रेम संबंध, कृष्ण के प्रति अनन्य भक्ति। 

(ii) अलंकारों, व्यंग्यों के माध्यम से पदों में रोचकता 

 

Q.13 उत्तरः बच्चों के लालन-पालन में जितना हाथ माता का होता है, उतना पिता का हाथ भी होता है। इस पाठ में पिता, भोलानाथ को शिक्षा देते हैं। उसके साथ खेलते हैं क्योंकि यह संबंध पुत्र के व्यक्तित्व के विकास में सहायक है। प्रस्तुत वाक्य में जहाँ भोलानाथ पिता की छाती पर बैठकर पूँछे उखाड़ता है, वहीं पिता उसे चूमकर या रोने का बहाना बनाकर हटाने की कोशिश करते हैं, परन्तु पिता का वात्सल्य उसे गुस्सा नहीं होने देता। इसलिए पिता और पुत्र के बीच का लगाव सकारात्मक गुणों को विकसित करता है। 

 

खण्ड ‘घ’

Q. 14 उत्तर: मेरा भारत भारत की सभ्यता और संस्कृति संसार की प्राचीनतम सभ्यताओं में से एक है। मानव-संस्कृति के आदिम ग्रंथ ऋग्वेद की रचना इसी देश में हुई थी। भारत संसार के देशों का सिरमौर है। महान उर्दू कवि इकबाल ने ठीक ही कहा है: 

युनानो मिस्र रूम सब मिट गए जहाँ से, बाकी अभी तलक है नामो-निशां हमारा। कुछ बात है कि हस्ती मिटती नहीं हमारी, सदियों रहा है दुश्मन दौरे जमां हमारा।” 

इकबाल की ये पंक्तियाँ भारत की परंपराएँ, संस्कृति एवं सभ्यता की भव्यता के प्रति श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित करती हैं। हमारे देश में अनेक मंत्रद्रष्टा, ज्ञानी, जगतगुरु, ऋषि-महात्माओं एवं विद्वानों ने जन्म लिया। राम, कृष्ण, बुद्ध, नानक, महावीर आदि देवतुल्य युगपुरुषों ने इसी धरा पर जन्म लेकर इसका मान बढ़ाया। अनेकों वीर, सत्यवादी, धनुर्धर तथा कवियों ने यहां जन्म लिया। इस पावन पुण्य-भूमि पर आर्यभट्ट, भास्कराचार्य, जगदीश चंद्र बसु आदि वैज्ञानिकों ने भारत की इस पावन धरा पर जन्म लिया। 

भारत विश्व का आकर्षण और सभ्यता का जनक है। संसार के अन्य देश जब अशिक्षित तथा नग्नावस्था में थे. तब भी यह भारत देश उन्नति के चरमोत्कर्ष पर था। भारत ने ही मानव को सभ्यता का पहला पाठ पढ़ाया। इसी धरी ने अध्यात्म, ज्ञान, भक्ति तथा कर्म की त्रिवेणी विश्व में प्रवाहित की। 

मेरा भारत देश विविधता में एकता के लिए जाना जाता है। यह देश विभिन्न धर्मों और संस्कृतियों का संगम स्थल है। हमारा देश अनेक धर्मों, मतों, संप्रदायों, वादों तथा विभिन्न संस्कृतियों को समान रूप से फलने-फूलने तथा पल्लवित होने का अवसर प्रदान करता है। भारतीय कला और कारीगरी को विश्व में हाथों-हाथ लिया जाता है। इसी समृद्धि के कारण हमारा देश सोने की। चिड़िया कहलाता है। 

लोकतंत्रीय देश होने के कारण, यहाँ पर हरेक को अपनी बात कहने की आजादी है। इसलिए यहाँ पर सरकार/शासक का गठन भारत के नागरिक के मतों के अनुसार होता है। जनता अपना प्रतिनिधि चुनकर संसद/ विधानसभा में भेजती है। ‘सर्वधर्म समभाव एवं ‘सबका साथ सबका विकास यहाँ का मूलमंत्र है। भौतिकवादी जगत को तेन त्यक्तेन भुञ्जीथाः का आदर्श भारत ने ही दिया। सर्वे 

भवंतु सुखिनः सर्वे संतु निरामया का पावन मार्ग भारत ने ही दिखाया। बहुजन हिताय बहुजन सुखाय’ वाली सभ्यता यह केवल इसी देश की देन है। हमारा भारत कई राज्यों की कला एवं संस्कृति को समेटे हुए है। सचमुच हमारा भारत देश बहुत सुंदर है। यहाँ सबमें वर्ण, लिंग, रंग, सम्प्रदाय तथा भाषाओं का भेद होने के बावजूद सभी सच्चे मन से पूरी तरह से भारतीय हैं। आज भारत की गिनती विश्व के प्रमुख देशों में की जाती है। मुझे भारतीय होने पर गर्व की अनुभूति होती है क्योंकि मुझे ऐसी महान एवं पुण्य-भूमि पर जन्म लेने का सौभाग्य मिला। मैं बार-बार भारत की इस पावन भूमि पर जन्म लेना चाहूँगा। 

अथवा 

विद्यार्थी जीवन के लक्ष्य 

विद्यार्थी का अर्थ है विद्या पाने वाला, सीखने की इच्छा रखने वाला, ज्ञानार्जन का इच्छुक । विद्यार्थी का सबसे पहला गुण जिज्ञासा, नित नये विषयों की जानकारी प्राप्त करना। विद्यार्थी जीवन का अर्थ है अनुशासित जीवन रखकर ज्ञानार्जन करना। अर्थात् अपने जीवन को कड़े परिश्रम तथा बाधाओं को पार कर एक बड़ा मुकाम हासिल करना। अनुशासन जीवन के लिए परमावश्यक है तथा उसकी प्रथम पाठशाला है विद्यार्थी जीवन। 

वैसे विद्यार्थी जीवन स्वयं में लक्ष्य केंद्रित होता है। विषयों के चुनाव के आधार पर सभी विद्यार्थी अपना लक्ष्य तय करते हैं तथा उसे पाने के लिए जी तोड़ मेहनत करते हैं। इसके लिए विद्यार्थी की नींव मजबूत होनी चाहिए जो उसे एक अनुशासित विद्यालयों से मिलती है। परिणामतः विद्यार्थी, जीवन में अच्छी सफलता प्राप्त करते हैं। विषयों के आधार पर विद्यार्थी अभियांत्रिकी, चिकित्सा, प्रशासनिक, कलाकार, सेना इत्यादि को अपने जीवन का लक्ष्य बनाते हैं। तद्नुसार शुरुआत से ही उसकी तैयारी करते हैं। ताकि सफलता हासिल हो सके। जीवन मधुर तथा सुविधापूर्ण बने। सच्ची लगन ही सफलता का पर्याय है। 

कुकुरमुत्तों की तरह खुले बहुतांश विद्यालयों में अनुशासनहीनता चरम पर है। जिस कारण विद्यार्थी अपने लक्ष्य से भटक जाते हैं। व्यसनों के आदी हो जाते हैं। बुरी संगत उन्हें अपने जीवन के बहुमूल्य समय को नष्ट करा देती है। ऐसे समय, जबकि उन्हें अपनी पढ़ाई और लक्ष्य को केंद्रित करना चाहिए, परन्तु वे आज का काम कल पर और कल का काम परसों पर टालकर अपने जीवन के लिए मुसीबत इकट्ठी कर लेते हैं। 

बड़े-बड़े विद्वान, ज्ञानी महापुरुषों की अगर जीवनी का अवलोकन करें तो उन्होंने विद्यार्थी जीवन बहुत कम साधनों और आवश्यकताओं में गुजारा उनके घर की माली हालत अच्छी न होते हुए भी अपनी दृढ़ इच्छाशक्ति और परिश्रम के सहारे जीवन में मुकाम हासिल किया। व्यसनों व बुरी संगत से हमेशा दूर रहे। अनुशासित जीवन को अपना लक्ष्य रखा। अर्जुन के निशाने की तरह अपने विद्यार्थी-जीवन काल से ही लक्ष्य केंद्रिकता बनाये रखी और उसे हासिल भी किया। विद्यार्थी इन महापुरुषों का अनुसरण करें, उनको अपना आदर्श मानें। राष्ट्र की उन्नति के लिए अच्छे व्यक्ति का निर्माण आवश्यक है। इसकी नींव विद्यार्थी-जीवन ही है। विद्यार्थी विषयवार एवं अपनी रुचि के अनुसार इच्छाशक्ति के साथ अपने लक्ष्य को अगर केंद्रित करे तो वह जीवन के सुख भोगने का हकदार होगा तथा उसका राष्ट्र के निर्माण में भी योगदान रहेगा। 

अथवा 

प्रकृति से छेड़खानी 

प्रकृति स्वभाव से प्राणियों की सहचरी रही है। प्रकृति-सौंदर्य ईश्वरीय सृष्टि की अलौकिक, अद्भुत, अनंत, असीम तथा विलक्षण कला है। पर्वतों की सुरम्य घाटियाँ, उनके हिम मंडित शिखर, कल-कल बहती नदियाँ, झर-झर झरते झरने, फल-फूलों से लदे वृक्ष, भाँति भाँति के सुमन, विस्तृत हरियाली, आसमान में उड़ते भाँति-भाँति के पक्षी, सूर्योदय के समय आकाश में बिखरे स्वर्णिम जावक, सूर्यास्त के समय ढलते सूर्य की लाली, रात्रि में चमकते नक्षत्रगण, चाँदनी रात-भला किसका मन नहीं मोह लेते। 

“उषा सुनहरे तीर बरसती, जय लक्ष्मी सी उदित हुई।” परंतु दुख के साथ कहना पड़ रहा है कि मनुष्य ने विज्ञान की शक्ति पाकर प्रकृति से छेड़छाड़ प्रारंभ कर दी है, उसका दोहन प्रारंभ कर दिया। उसका नतीजा यह रहा कि वातावरण, जल, वायु तथा ध्वनि से प्रदूषित हो गया। धीरे-धीरे मनुष्य प्राकृतिक सुखों से वंचित होता गया। वनों को नष्ट कर लकड़ी का उपयोग करना, पहाड़ों को काटकर रास्ते व रेल-लाईन बिछाना, अत्यधिक औद्योगिकीकरण कर वायु तथा जल प्रदूषण करना। अत्यधिक शहरीकरण कर संसाधनों को प्राप्त करने हेतु प्रकृति की बलि चढ़ाना। ऐसे विभिन्न तरह के प्रकृति से छेड़खानी के स्वरूप का असर मानव पर पड़ चुका है। रोगों में वृद्धि होती जा रही है। प्रकृति का क्षरण होने के कारण मनुष्य को सॉस लेने में तकलीफ हो रही है। शुद्ध वायु का अभाव होता जा रहा है। बे-मौसमी बरसात तथा पर्यावरण प्रदूषण बढ़ता जा रहा है। प्राकृतिक असंतुलन का दौर चल रहा है। कारण एक ही मनुष्य द्वारा प्रकृति से की गई छेड़छाड़। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग इसी का परिणाम है। 

आज आवश्यकता है प्रकृति को वापस अपनी पूर्व अवस्था में लाने हेतु उसकी सुरक्षा और संरक्षण के उपाय लागू किये जायें। अन्यथा पृथ्वी पर प्राणी का अस्तित्व समाप्त हो जायेगा। प्रकृति को अपना सहचरी समझकर उसका सम्मान करें। उसके साथ सामंजस्य __ स्थापित करे। विश्व भर में प्रदूषण से बचने तथा पर्यावरण की रक्षा का प्रयास किया जा रहा है। 5 जून को पूरे विश्व में पर्यावरण दिवस’ मनाया जाता है। यह इस बात का प्रमाण है कि अब मनुष्य ने प्रकृति के महत्व को स्वीकार कर लिया है तथा उसकी सुरक्षा और संरक्षण के हर संभव प्रयास की ओर गंभीरता से विचार करने पर विवश हुआ है। विश्व को समझ में आ गया है। कि जिस प्रकृति से छेड़छाड़ तथा दोहन करने की नीति अपना रखी थी, वह वाकई में भूल थी। इसलिए समय रहते इस भूल को सुधारकर प्रकृति को सहेजने का कार्य किया जाए। जो कि आने वाली पीढ़ी के लिए वरदान साबित होगा।

 

Q.15 उत्तर: प्रार्थना-पत्र

परीक्षा भवन, 

गाजियाबाद। 

सेवा में, 

श्रीमती प्रधानाचार्या जी, 

दयानन्द बाल मन्दिर, 

गाज़ियाबाद, 

दि.27 मार्च, 20xx 

विषय-वार्षिकोत्सव में आयोजित खेलकूद में भाग लेने के लिए पत्र। 

महोदया, 

सविनय निवेदन यह है कि मैं आपके विद्यालय की दसवीं की छात्रा हूँ। आज ही कक्षाध्यापिका से वार्षिकोत्सव में खेलकूद प्रतियोगिता के आयोजन के विषय में सुना। जैसा आपको विदित है कि इस बार राष्ट्रीय व स्कूली स्तर पर आयोजित कई प्रतियोगिताओं में मैंने भाग लिया है व पुरस्कार भी जीते हैं। मेरा आपसे यही निवेदन है कि मुझे आप विद्यालय की इन प्रतियोगिताओं में खेलने की अनुमति प्रदान करें। आपकी अति कृपा होगी। 

सधन्यवाद! 

आपकी आज्ञाकारी शिष्या, 

क,ख,ग, 

कक्षा-दसवीं (अ)

 

Q.16 उत्तर: आज भी न केवल हिंदी ही नहीं बल्कि दुनिया की अन्य भाषाओं के बाल साहित्य पर पंचतंत्र का असर देखा जा सकता है। मौलिक एवं बदलते समय की ज़रूरतों के आधार पर बालसाहित्य की रचना का कार्य हिंदी में अर्से तक नहीं हो सका। कारण साफ है। अशिक्षित तथा असमान आर्थिक वितरण वाले समाजों में जहाँ शीर्षस्थ वर्ग संसाधनों पर कुंडली मारे बैठा भोग और लिप्साओं में आकंठ डूबा हो, वहाँ समाज का बहुलांश घोर अभावग्रस्तता का जीवन जीने को विवश होता है जिससे वहाँ कला एवं साहित्य की धाराएँ पर्याप्त रूप में विकसित नहीं हो पातीं। ना ही उनके सरोकार पूरी तरह स्पष्ट हो पाते हैं। भारत का समाज करीब-करीब ऐसी ही स्थितियों का शिकार था। तार्किक सोच के अभाव का फायदा यथास्थिति की पक्ष रि शक्तियों ने खुलकर उठाया और वे मौलिक साहित्य के विकास में अवरोधक का कार्य करती रही हैं।

 

 

English 10th Previous Year Question Paper 2018 (CBSE)

ENGLISH (Communicative) 

Q. 1. Read the passage given below : 

Globalization 

Globalization is the way to open businesses, improve technological growth, economy, etc, at the international level for all countries. It is the way in which manufacturers and producers of the products or goods sell their products globally without any restriction. It provides huge profits to the businessmen as they get low cost labour in poor countries easily. It provides a big opportunity to the companies to deal with the worldwide market. 

Globalization helps to consider the whole world as a single market. Traders are extending their areas of business by treating the world as a global village. Earlier till the 1990s, there was a restriction on importing certain products which were already manufactured in India like agricultural products, engineering goods, food items and toiletries. However, during the 1990s there was a pressure from the rich countries on the poor and developing countries to allow them to spread their businesses by opening their markets. In India the globalization and liberalization process was started in 1991. After many years, globalization has brought about a major revolution in the Indian market when multinational brands came to India and started delivering a wide range of quality products at cheap prices. Prices of good quality products came down because of the cutthroat competition in the market. Globalization and liberalization of the businesses in India have flooded the market with quality foreign products but has affected the local Indian industries adversely to a great extent resulting in the job loss to poor and uneducated workers. Globalization has been a bonanza for the consumers, however, a loss to the small-scale Indian producers. 

Globalization has had some very positive effects on the Indian consumer in all sectors of society. It has affected the Indian students and education sector to a great extent by making study books and a lot of information available over the internet. Collaboration of foreign universities with the Indian universities has brought about a huge change in the field of education. 

Globalization of trade in the agricultural sector has brought varieties of quality seeds 

which have disease resistance property. However, it is not good for the poor Indian farmers because the seeds and agricultural technologies are costly. 

It has brought about a huge revolution in the employment sector by the spread of businesses like cottage, handloom, carpet, artisan carving, ceramics, jewellery, and glassware etc. 

Attempt any eight of the following questions : 

(a) What is globalization ? 

(b) Write any two advantages of globalization. 

(c) What was the pressure from the rich countries in the 1990’s ? 

(d) What is the effect of multinational brands entering the Indian market ? 

(e) How are the prices of quality products affected due to globalization ? 

(f) How have the foreign products affected the local industry adversely? 

(g) What has been the impact of globalization on the Indian students ? 

(h) Why has globalization had a negative effect on the poor Indian farmer ? 

(i) How has the cottage industry benefited from globalization ? 

 

Q. 2. Read the passage given below : 

Everybody wants to succeed in life. For some, success means achieving whatever they  UCA means desire or dream. For many it is the name, fame and social position. Whatever be the meaning of success, it is success which makes a man popular. All great men have been successful. They are remembered for their great achievements. But it is certain that success comes to those who are sincere, hardworking, loyal and committed to their goals.  Success has been man’s greatest motivation. It is very important for all. Success has a great effect on life. It brings pleasure and pride. It gives a sense of fulfilment. It means all-around development. Everybody hopes to be successful in life. But success smiles on those who have a proper approach, planning, vision and stamina. A proper and timely application of all these things is bound to bear fruit. One cannot be successful without cultivating these certain basic things in life. It is very difficult to set out on a journey without knowing one’s goals and purposes. Clarity of the objective is a must to succeed in life. A focused approach with proper planning is certain to bring success. Indecision and insincerity are big obstacles on the path to success. One should have the capability, capacity and resources to turn their dreams into reality. Mere desire cannot bring you success. The desire should be weighed against factors like capability and resources. This is the basic requirement of success. The next important thing is the eagerness, seriousness and the urge to be successful. It is the driving force which decides the success. It is the first step on the ladder of success. One needs to pursue one’s goals with all one’s sincerity and passion. One should always be in high spirits. Lack of such spirit leads to an inferiority complex which is a big obstruction on the path to success. Time is also a deciding factor. Only the punctual and committed have succeeded in life. Lives of great men are examples of this. They had all these qualities in plenty which helped them rise to the peak of success. 

Hard labour is one of the basic requirements of success. There is no substitute for hard labour. It alone can take one to the peak of success. Every success has a ratio of five percent inspiration and ninety-five percent perspiration. It is the patience, persistence and perseverance which play a decisive role in achieving success. Failures are the pillars of success as they are our stepping-stones and we must get up and start again and be motivated. 

 

Q. 2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each : 

(a) To whom does success come certainly? 

(b) What are the basic things in life we need to achieve success ? 

(c) What did great men have in plenty to rise to the peak of success ? Give any two examples. 

(d) What is the one basic requirement of success? 

(e) Explain : “Failures are pillars of success.” 

 

Q. 2.2 On the basis of your reading of the passage, fill in any two of the following blanks with appropriate words/phrase : 

(a) _________plays a decisive role in achieving success. 

(b) Goals have to be pursued with_______ and___________ 

(c) Ratio of success is_____________inspiration. 

 

Q. 2.3 Find out the words from the passage that mean the same as the following: (any two) 

(a) endurance (para 2) 

(b) obstruction (para 4) 

(c) motivation (para 5) 

SECTION – B 

Q. 3. Two main parks in your locality have suffered from neglect on the part of local authorities. They have virtually been taken over by undesirable elements. As a result the residents have stopped going to the parks. 

Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of a local newspaper expressing your concern about the problems the neglect has created and suggest measures to reclaim the parks for children. You are Gautam/Gauri 2, Gobind Enclave, Meerut. 

OR 

You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur. The institute specializes in teaching science to classes XI – XII. Write a letter of enquiry in 100-120 words addressed to the Administrator in charge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings, duration, staff, transport and other necessary details for joining the institute. You are Rajesh/Rajani 2, Library Road Jabalpur. 

 

Q. 4. In 200-250 words write a story based on the input given below : 

Two teams – in the playground – whistle blew – match about to begin – the two captains looked tense – suddenly there was a commotion. 

OR 

A long wait for the bus – people impatient – a large crowd – a lot of confusion – felt the pocket being touched – looked around – caught the hand – and ………… 

 

Q. 5. Fill in any four of the blanks in the sentences given below choosing the most appropriate options from the ones that follow. Write the answers in your answer-sheet against the correct blank numbers : 

(A) Concentration is (a)____________ by alertness. 

(B) Effective speaking (b)_____________ on effective listening. 

(C) Economic growth (c)____________attitudes and lifestyle. 

(D) The environment has always (d)_____________ in control of our destiny. 

(E) They believe that logic (e)____________no place in faith. 

    (a) (i) help (ii) will help (iii) helps (iv) helped 

    (b) depends (ii) depend (iii) depended (iv) depending 

    (c) (i) change (ii) will change (iii) changes (iv) changed

    (d) (i) is (ii) be (iii) been (iv) was

    (e) (i) has  (ii) have (iii) had   (iv) having 

 

Q. 6. In the following paragraph one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing In the words in any four lines of the given paragraph, along with the words that come before and the words that come after it in the space provided. 

#

    

Word Before

Missing Word

Word After

Most the people

    

Most

Of 

the

Are annoyed passwords.

(a)

——————-

——————-

——————-

They have many remember.

(b)

——————-

——————-

——————-

On any given day are

(c)

——————-

——————-

——————-

Bound Forget Them

(d)

——————-

——————-

——————-

This creates difficulties for the people.

(e)

——————-

——————-

——————-

 

Q. 7. Rearrange any four of the following word clusters to make meaningful sentences :  

(a) very exciting/ can be / new country / travelling to la 

(b) it/ a lot of / before / actually requires / the visit / preparation 

(c) option / is / light / travelling / best / the 

(d) also need / we / the local weather / in mind / to / keep 

(e) always / enriched / we/ return / experience / the / with 

SECTION -C 

(Literature) 

Q. 8. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow : 

But speak all good you can devise of Caesar, And say you do it by our permission; 

(a) Identify the speaker. 

(b) Who is being granted permission ? 

(c) What is the speaker afraid of ? 

(d) What opinion do you form of the speaker? 

OR 

“You must make your public happier: 

Give them something, sharper, snappier. 

We must aim for better billings.” 

(a) Identify the speaker of the above lines. 

(b) Who does ‘we’ refer to ? 

(c) What must be done for ‘better billings’? 

(d) What trait of the speaker’s character is revealed through the above lines ? 

 

Q. 9. Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each : 

(a) In the story “Shady Plot”, why did Helen appear in bits and pieces ? 

(b) What will Shakespeare’s friend realize when he rises on the Day of Judgment ? 

(c) Why does the author say that Louisa Mebbin had a “protective elder sister” attitude towards money ? 

(d) How do we know that Michael’s father was fascinated by computers ? 

(e) In the poem “Snake”, why does the poet say “I have something to expatiate.” ? 

 

Q. 10. Answer the following in 100-200 words: 

“Patol Babu, Film Star,” by Satyajit Ray emphasizes the valuable contribution of a mentor in changing a negative mind-set into a positive one. Describe how Mr. Pakrashi’s advice helps Patol Babu in performing his role. Time humbles even the greatest of the great. One should cultivate the quality of humility. Describe how time has reduced the mighty Ozymandias to nothing. 

 

Q. 11. Answer the following question in 200-250 words : 

(a) Describe the relationship between Anne and Margot ? 

OR 

Give a pen sketch of Anne’s father as a parent ? 

(b) Describe Ms. Sullivan’s teaching methods ? 

OR 

What are Helen’s opinions about examinations ? 

 

Answer Sheet

 SECTION-A 

(a) Globalization is the way to open business, improve technology growth, evenomy, etc at the international level for all countries. 

(b) Globalisation provides huge profits to the businessmen as they get low cost of labour in poor countries easily. It provides a lag opportunity to the companies to deal with the worldwide market 

(c) During the 19901, there was a pressure the poor and developing countries to allow businesses by opening their markets. 

(d) Globalization brought about a major revolution in the Indian market as multinational brands came to India and started delivering a wide range of quality products at cheap rates. Now, the consumers had write the many options to choose from. 

(e) Priter of quality products came down because of the competition in the market.

(f) The foreign products have affected the local industries adversely to a quat extent resulting in the job loss to poor and uneducated workers. The small scale Indian Producers Have fraud losses.

(g) Globalization has had a positive impact on Indian students by making study books and a lot of information available pues the internet. Collaboration foreign universities with the Indian universities has brought about a huge change in the field of education De 

(h) Although globalization has brought varieties of quality seeds which have disease resistance property, but it is not good for the poor Indian farmers because the seeds and agricultural technologies are costly. 

 

Q.2.1 (a)  success comes to those who are sincere, hanworking, loyal and committed to their goals. 

(c) great men had Certain qualities  in penalty which help them rise the peak of success. Quality include punctuality and sincerity.

(d) Hard labour is the one basic requirement of success and it has no subtitles. hard labour alone can take one to the peak of success.

(e)  failures are pillar of success because we get to know our sought meaning and mistakes thought then which when rejected help us achievers success.   failure are ours stepping stone and we must get up stand again and motivate.

 

Q.2.2 (b)  goals have to be pursued  with sincerity and passion.

                (c)  ratio of success is five percent inspiration.

Q.2.3 (a) Stamina

                (c)  inspiration

SECTION – B

Q.3. 2, Libsary Road

Jabalpur

12 March, 2018 

The administrator Inchange

International Coaching Centre

Raipur

Sir 

Subject:  enquiry about the procedure for joining the institute.

This refers to your advertisement in the tribute date 10th March 2018. I am attempting the all India Secondary School Examination class 10th and want to be e o p t for the science stream in class 11th. I would I need Details about the coaching classes you offer.

 kindly send the following details:

  • duration of the course
  • timing of the classes
  • number of  batches
  • transport facilities fees structure
  • joining date

I request you to furnish all the other necessary detail to be asked looking forward to early reply.

thank you

your faithfully

Rajini

 

4.  BACK AND AGAIN 

It was a partial sunny day with clouds scattered in the blue sky. The sa soccer ground of Riverdale High school was filled with a wie silence. The bleachers wat were covered with students and the ground, with the players in green shorts from the host team and in red shirts from the Beverly high school team, competing to save their position in the state Championship. Get The two captains boked tense and were waiting for the whistle to blow, which happened to blow just then and the match began. Dylan, the captain of the host team went ahead with the ball, passing it to the ve acaptain. The one of the opponents caught the ball and as in the next five minutes, the red team had scored. The crowd grew tense and Dylan cursed under his breath and smacked Blake’s head for missing the ball. The game continued ound Blake kicked the ball into the met, making the score even the cloud sculpted in chure and chanted Blake’s name. Out the cheers died down when the red team scored another point and was in the lead. The game went on and Dylan was ran after last 

opponent who had the ball. Clearly their formation was not working for them with 4 stripes and 2 defenders, but Dylan was too adamant to let them change. Suddenly, there was a commotion, Dylan had been tripped by the opponent and lay on the field with his leg twisted in an unearthly angle. the outnet was immediately taken off the field, ash tried in pain the cloth audience now wanted Tyler Miller, the 2018 him. Blake Sinclair was given the yellow armband and declared as the captain. Turn warned up a little as he hadn’t played soccorso for these years since we turn wie Taylor said of linkennia l As the match sconited, Fyter all eyes were on Tyler who sang across the ground, passing the opponents and took the ball, and goal! The crowd erupted in a loud soat of praising Tyler. They had got their star striker back! As the game half-time approached, Tyler asked Blake to change the formation with a strikers and 4 defenders, push like old times when a hot Tylu had been the captain. Blake’s eyes lit up and they changed the formation. The red team was confused with the new change but the goure continued and Tylus scored again, winning the match! The audience chanted hit game on Brake crushed Tyter in been hug! 

5. 

Word Before Missing Word Word After 
(b) many To  remember
(c) day they are
(d) bound to forget
(e) difficulties For  The 

 

6. (a) Travelling to a new country can be very exciting 

(b) It actually requires a lot of preparation before the visit, 

(d) He also need to keep in mind, the local weather. 

(c) We always return enriched with the experience 

7. (a) (i) helped 

(b) (ii) deponds 

(d) (iii) been 

(e) (i) has 

SECTION -C 

8. (a) The frog is the speaker of the above lines 

(b) he refers to the frog and the nightingale 

(c) The nightingale must give the audience something fresh, pleasant and sharper notes of her songs to make them happy, so that they can have better will 

(d) The speaker, the frog is cruel, selfish, commanding and conniving. He does not care about the total health of the nightingale, but just wants to exploit the situation. 

 

9. (a) Michael’s father was fascinated by computers since he had a lot of computer related stuff rich as 1.2 MHz processor, co-Rom a large secret seven, etcetera already and he tool with a large number of games too. He had taught his son, how to use it at an early age and chen took him to a computer fair where they bought a glove, ansor and psycho-driven game. 

(b) Lonica Meblin had a protective elder sister” attitude towards money since wherever money was narrowed, Louisa never failed to protect them from getry spent worthlessly, with no respect to nationality or demananation. She was very materialistic.. Even when she had been a pond companion to Mrs. Packletide, the suggested her to kill the tiger before it at the goat so that they did not have to pay for the goat, which was an extra boit. She cared about money just like a girl protects her younger sister 

(c) Shakespeare had written his Sonnet 55, Not Marble, now the Gilded Monuments in the memory of his friends He had faith in his poetry which would brave the savages of the time and immortalize his friend. I When Shakespeare’s friend would rise on the day of Judgement, he would realize that no means forgotten him. Even the many next generations after wing have remembered him and he had been immortalized. 

(e) Helen was a ghost and we can not expect a ghost to be made a materials she it appeared in the form of gas, with her boots appearing first and som the affection spread to reveal her entire torso. Her rolu care rather be heard before she counts into sight. Since the affection of her existence er spread slowly through her body, she appeared in bits and preces John Hallock could even she directly through her body. 

 

10. When sifa lakanto Ray, better known as Patol Babu, used to promote earlier perform on stage in o his young days, he was quite popular. His mentor Mr. Gogon Pakrashi had once advised nem a not to consider any role below his dignity and give his best performance every time. he had told him – ” Every dialogue is like a fruit in a tree and it is the ato acting & the actor which brings out the true meaning of a dialogue with all d e Patol Babu had left hit quit his acting career years ago and when a more nonentity like him was offered a role in a film, he was surprised Upon reaching the set of the film, he enquired about his lines and much to his dismay, it was a monosyllabic word, ” oh!” was disappointed, but remembered the adrese of his mentor. He practiced his dialogue and realized that the world could be expressed in so many ways. He decided to show in talent and schearsed his actions and expressions for the scene. He even suggested to carry a newspaper at the time of collision and calculated the timing and his footsteps. this timing was so perfect that the lead actor Chanchal Kumar hardly passed out.” He was very much satisfied with his performance and left without getting paid. This shows he was not at all materialistic. The cont valuable words of his mentor contributed in charging his negative anotione. 

 

ANNE’S FATHER 

11. (a) Anne’s father, Mr. Otto Frank was a wealthy person who gave his children a comfortable life. He had shifted from Germany to Holland due to Hitler’s rule and worked in Opet Dutch Opekta tua company. He was a good and had to go into hiding to flee the atrocities of Germans. He had planned the escape much soon and immediately moved into going when Margot got a call- up notice cared for his family a lot. Also, he was an understanding father since he told Anne about the possibility q kaving their house beforehand so that the could be ready, and prepared He was deeply loved by his family, and was called Pim. the took care of Anne in the secret Annex too, he provided her confort during heavy bombings and gun fires and acted as a pacifier between Amure and her mother. He defended his daughter when Mrs. van Daan called Anne, a spoilt brat for not eating certain dishes an He advised Anne to ask . Dr. Dussell once more about the table in their room and when the arrogant man refused twice, he came to his daughter’s rescue. He took care of the fact that children got food before the helped his daughters with their ussens and encouraged them to read more books. Yet, he appeared to be drifting away from Anne in the later point of their stay in the Annex. He scolded for Anne without knowing the issue when she was looking into Margot’s bork and Margot was at fault. -Mu a profecline father, he suggested Anne to not go upstairs to leter’s room and asked her to be careful the understood her feelings for the boy and did not interfere much. He even talked to Peter about it and liter too admired Anne’s father. 

According to Anne, her father could not read her heart and did nor help her in times of a breakdown, but as a whole, and we get a positive picture of Otto Frank from Arune’s ding who is coming sensible, pacifying and understanding father to hat daughters. When the inmates of Annex were caught and deported to competitors, he was the only one to survive and spent his life spreading the message of his daughter, about life and its hardships. 

 

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