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B Pharma or B Pharmacy (Bachelor of Pharmacy) is an undergraduate degree course for 4 years of duration. This course is to opt by the students who aspire to become a licensed pharmacist in India.

The students of B pharma learn about the preparation and usage of drugs and medicines. Along with medicine, it also covers health care topics.

The scope of this course is very vast. As it is well known that pharmacist is required in every corner of the country, so there is a successful career in the pharmaceutical industry.

Pharmacy Courses and Duration

There is a lot of opportunities in the pharmacy field. One can choose the course as per his/her interest. The course could be a diploma, degree or postgraduate course. The below mentioned are the pharmacy courses:

Diploma in Pharmacy (D Pharma)

This 3-year duration diploma course covers the most basic information about the pharmacy field. It is the base course for pharmacy.

Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharma)

This 4-year undergraduate degree course is the minimum requirement to practice as a pharmacist in India.

Master of Pharmacy (M. Pharma)

This is the next step to B pharma. It is a master’s degree or postgraduate course, after which a student can get very good opportunities in the reputed pharmaceutical company.The duration for this postgraduate degree is 2 years.

Doctorate in Pharmacy (Pharm D)

It is a 6-year long course dealing with deep knowledge in pharmaceuticals and can be employed in govt. or private hospitals with very high salary package.

B Pharma Eligibility

For a student who wants to opt B Pharma should have:

• Passed 12^th with PCM/PCB (Physics, Chemistry, Maths/Biology)
• Aggregate 50% marks in science subjects

Also, those who have a 3-year diploma (D Pharma) can also apply for B Pharma.

B pharmacy Admission Process

There are some universities offering direct admission based on 12^th marks.

Some universities conduct entrance exams such as BVP CET, IPU CET, MHT CET etc.

Also, there is a national level entrance exam conducted for admission to B pharmacy GPAT (Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test). Other state level entrance test such as TS EAMCET, AP EAMCET, BCECE, WBJEE etc. are also conducted for admission purpose.

B Pharmacy Syllabus and Subjects

The syllabus for 4-year B. Pharma course is given below year wise:

First Year

• Pharmaceutical Analysis 1
• Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• Advanced Mathematics
• Computer Applications
• Biology
• Anatomy & Physiology
• Organic Chemistry
• Pharmacognosy 1
• Basic Electronics

Second Year

• Pharmacognosy 2
• Pharmaceutical Chemistry 2
• Pharmaceutics
• Pharmaceutical Analysis 2
• AP HE-1
• Organic Chemistry 2
• Pharmacognosy 3
• AP HE- 2
• Dispensing & Community Pharmacy

Third Year

• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology 2
• Medicinal Chemistry 1
• Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence Ethics
• Chemistry of Natural Products
• Medicinal Chemistry 2
• Pharmacology 1
• Hospital Pharmacy
• Biopharmaceutics

Fourth Year

• Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
• Pharmaceutics
• Medicinal Chemistry 3
• Electives
• Clinical Pharmacy
• Chemistry of Natural Products
• Projected Related to Elective
• Pharmacognosy
• Drug Interactions

B Pharmacy Fees and Examination Type

The figures for fees range between INR 11,000 to INR 2,00,000 per annum depending upon colleges. The figures provided are estimated information.

The examination for B pharma would be conducted as per semester system.

B Pharmacy Colleges

There are many colleges offering B pharmacy. Some of the top universities and colleges along with cities are given below:

• University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Chandigarh
• Institute of Chemical Technology – Mumbai
• Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Manipal
• JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris – Tamil Nadu
• Goa College of Pharmacy – Panji
• Poona College of Pharmacy – Pune
• KLE College of Pharmacy – Hubli
• Bombay College of Pharmacy – Mumbai
• Amrita School of Pharmacy – Kochi
• Government College of Pharmacy – Bangalore
• Amity University – Noida

B Pharmacy Jobs

The Pharmacy sector gives a lot of employment opportunities to the students. Apart from a practicing pharmacist, one can also get employed in government and private hospitals.

Pharmaceutical management is one of the fields in which a student can make his career.

Some of the other roles or job profiles are as below:

• Chemical/Drug Technician
• Bio-Technology Industries
• Drug Therapist
• Drug Inspector
• Hospital Drug Coordinator
• Health Inspector
• Pharmacist
• Pathological Lab
• Research & Development
• Making Prescription to Patients
• Scientist
• Research Officer
• Teacher

Some of the top recruiting areas are as below:

• Hospitals and Clinics (Government and Private)
• State wise Drugs and Pharmaceutical Boards
• Medical Shop chains (the likes of Apollo Pharmacy)
• Chemist Shops
• Cipla
• Abbott India
• Research bodies and labs
• Sun Pharmaceuticals
• Biocon
• Glaxo Smith Kline India
• Ranbaxy
• Zydus
• Glenmark

B Pharmacy Salary

Being the very vast sector, there is a lot of employment in this sector along with handsome and big figured salary packages. The estimated starting salary for a fresher could be INR 10,000 to INR 18,000 per month in India. However, there would be variation in the salary figures depending upon the job roles.

After achieving the professional target or experience in the respected field, one can apply for good packages in big companies. The estimated salary for the experienced candidate could range from INR 9 lakh to INR 12 lakh per annum.

Talking about opportunities in abroad, the estimated starting salary could range from $15000 to $25000 per annum.

D Pharma stands for the diploma in pharmacy. Pharmacy is the field of medicine dealing with the proper use of medicines along with preparation and dispensing of medicines.

What is D Pharmacy

D Pharmacy or D pharma is an undergraduate diploma course dealing with the pharmacy field. This is a full-time 2-year course. This 2-year diploma course is further divided into 4 semesters.

In some of the institutes, the course is also offered as D Pharm. Although, name varies it is the same course. The course is designed for candidates to get familiarized with basic concepts of the Pharmaceutical industry.

There is another postgraduate course Pharma D, which is only offered by the institutes approved by PCI (Pharmacy Council of India), the regulatory body of pharmacy education in India. This is a completely different course from D pharma.

Admission to D Pharmacy

One can seek admission to D pharma by getting appeared in the state level diploma entrance tests conducted by universities. Although, there are some institutes which offer direct admission to the course without conducting an entrance exam.

The candidate seeking admission to D pharma should have passed the 10+2 with science (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology).

Top Entrance Tests

• GPAT
• UPSEE
• JEE Pharmacy
• AU AIMEE
• CPMT
• PMET

D Pharma/ D Pharmacy Course Fees

The course fees vary from college to college. The figures for the fees may range from INR 9,000 to INR 2,00,000. It is up to the candidate to select the particular institute and get fees details accordingly.

D Pharmacy Course Details

The 2- year course spread over a period of 180 working days each academic year along with 500 hours of practical training spread over a period of 3 months. The subject details for Diploma in pharmacy part 1 and part 2 is given below:

Subjects for Part 1

1. Pharmaceutics I
2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology
5. Human Anatomy & Physiology
6. Health education and community pharmacy

Subject for Part 2

1. Pharmaceutics II
2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry II
3. Pharmacology & Toxicology
4. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
5. Drug Store & Business Management
6. Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy

D Pharmacy Syllabus

Syllabus for Part 1

1. Pharmaceutics I

• Introduction to different dosage forms
• Metrology
• Packaging of pharmaceuticals
• Size separation by sifting
• Clarification and Filtration

1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry I

• Acids, Bases, and Buffers
• Antioxidants
• Gastrointestinal agents
• Topical Agents
• Dental Products

1. Pharmacognosy

• Definition, history, and scope of Pharmacognosy
• Pharmaceutical aids
• Various systems of classification of drugs and natural origin
• Adulteration and drug evaluation

1. Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology

• Introduction to Biochemistry
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Enzymes
• Therapeutics

1. Human Anatomy & Physiology

• The scope of Anatomy and Physiology
• Elementary Tissues
• Skeletal Systems
• Cardiovascular Systems
• Respiratory Systems
• Muscular Systems

1. Health education and community pharmacy

• Concept of Health
• Nutrition and Health
• First aid
• Environment and Health
• Fundamental Principles of Microbiology
• Communicable Diseases

Syllabus for Part 2

1. Pharmaceutics II

• Reading and understanding prescriptions
• Study of various types of incompatibilities
• Posology
• Dispensed Medications
• Types of Powders
• Lipids and Dosage forms

1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry II

• Introduction of nomenclature of organic chemical systems
• Antiseptics and disinfectants
• Antileprotic Drugs
• Antibiotics
• Hypnotics

1. Pharmacology & Toxicology

• Introduction to pharmacology
• Scope of pharmacology
• Drugs: their advantages and disadvantages
• The general mechanism of drug action
• Drugs acting on the central nervous system

1. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

• Origin and nature of pharmaceutical legislation in India
• Principles and significance of professional ethics
• Pharmacy Act, 1948
• The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
• The Drugs and Magic Remedies Act, 1954

1. Drug Store & Business Management

• Introduction
• Drug house management
• Sales
• Recruitment, Training
• Banking and Finance
• Introduction to accounting

1. Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy

• Definition, function, and classification of Hospitals
• Hospital pharmacy
• The drug distribution system in the hospital
• Manufacturing
• Drug Information Service
• Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy
• Modern dispensing aspects

D Pharmacy Eligibility

For seeking admission in any of the course or degree, a candidate must know the eligibility conditions so that he/she could choose the course as per his/her eligibility.

The eligibility conditions for D pharmacy is as given below:

• The minimum qualification required 10+2 level of education in PCB (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) from a recognized educational Board.
• The minimum marks required is 50% for general and 45% for SC/ ST/ OBC candidates at 10+2 level.

D Pharmacy Distance Education

D pharma course is not valid if not done from PCI approved institutes. PCI (Pharmacy Council of India) is the regulatory body of pharmacy education in India.

Distance education is the type of education wherein the candidate does not attend regular classes.

As per course structure, theoretical along with practical classes is necessary. Hence D pharma could only be counted as valid if done with regular classes.

D Pharmacy College

Below are details of D pharma top colleges:

• Wisdom School of Management – Ahmedabad
• Dev Bhoomi Institute of Pharmacy and Research – Dehradun
• Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmacy – Pune
• Sandip University – Nasik
• NIMS Institute of Pharmacy – Jaipur
• Academy for Clinical Excellence – Mumbai
• Lovely Professional University – Jalandhar
• K.R. Mangalam University – Gurgaon
• SGT University – Gurgaon
• Integral University – Lucknow
• Government College of Pharmacy – Bangalore
• DIT University – Dehradun
• Centurion University of Technology and Management – Bhubaneswar
• Sri Sai Group of Institutes – Pathankot
• MET Institute of Pharmacy – Mumbai

D Pharmacy Salary

There are many good opportunities available along with handsome salary after completing D pharma.

Below are some professions along with a little description and estimate salary:

Pharmacist

• Preparation of medicines be reviewing physician orders.
• Distribute medicine to the pharmaceuticals
• Estimated Average annual salary – INR 1,99,000

Scientific Officer

• Oversee scientific functions and development of new processes, products or technologies
• Estimated Average annual salary – INR 6,47,000

Production Executive

• Set budget goals, determine supplies and assign job duties
• Estimated Average annual salary – INR 3,42,000

Medical Transcriptionist

• Act as transcribers
• use transcribing machines with headsets and listen to recordings to transcribe the medical reports, imaging studies, and operations.
• Estimated average annual salary – INR 2,42,000

Education is the key to success. It is one of the most important aspects of building a good career apart from hard work.

For a successful career, the students roam here and there, especially after 12^th with a number of suggestions, which makes them puzzled. So, proper counseling is very necessary in order to opt for the best option.

Although all the subjects are equally valuable, there is one subject which has endless options for students. Science offers endless career choices with the advantage of switching over to humanities and commerce options as well.

Science stream is generally categorized with PCM (with mathematics) and PCB (with biology). The below mentioned are the courses available for biology group after 12th.

List of Courses After 12^th Science Biology

Small detailed information could help the student to understand the type and nature of the course and choose accordingly.

MBBS – Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

The basic course or qualification required to become doctor and duration for this course is 5½ years with the academic session of 4½ and one year for an internship.

BDS – Bachelor of Dental Surgery

To be a dentist, this 5-year long course including one year for an internship must be completed.

B.Sc Nursing – Bachelor of Science Nursing

This course is for the person interested in the nursing field. The duration is 3-4 year consisting of theoretical classes and practical training.

B. Pharma – Bachelor of Pharmacy

To be a licensed chemist in India, one must have this degree of 4 years completed.

Pharma D – Doctor of Pharmacy

An advanced course than B. Pharma, this course is of 6 years.

BAMS – Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery

This 5½ years long course, earns the person the title of doctor (Ayurveda) dealing with the concept of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic medicine.

BHMS – Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery

This 5½ years long course makes the person Doctor dealing with homeopathic medicines and practices.

BUMS – Bachelor of Unani medicine and surgery

The 5½ years long course dealing with treatment using Unani system of healing.

BPT (Physiotherapy) – Bachelor of Physiotherapy

Deals with massages and treatment of patients suffering injuries from accidents. This is a 4½ year duration course.

B. V. SC & A. H. – Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

Doctors for animals. This is 5 years long course.

BOT – Bachelor of occupational therapy

This 4½ year course deals with treating patients suffering from physical, mental, emotional and neurological issues.

BASLP – Bachelor of Audiology Speech-Language Pathology

This 5-year long program deals with the treatment of hearing issues and speech therapy.

Courses Available with NEET

NEET is the entrance exam conducted for PCB students for entrance to the following exams: MBBS, BDS, BUMS, BHMS, and BAMS.

B. Sc Courses After 12^th science Biology

Talking about B. Sc. Courses apart from nursing, there are other courses available, as mentioned below:

• B. Sc. Biochemistry
• B. Sc. Biology
• B. Sc. Physics
• B. Sc. Chemistry
• B. Sc. Environmental Science
• B. Sc. Biotechnology
• B. Sc. Occupational Therapy
• B. Sc. Physiotherapy
• B. Sc. Radiology
• B. Sc. Bioinformatics
• B. Sc. Anthropology
• B. Sc. Microbiology
• B. Sc. Zoology
• B. Sc. Forensic Science
• B. Sc. Agriculture
• B. Sc. Pathology
• B. Sc. Speech Therapy
• B. F. Sc. Fisheries and Science
• B. Sc. Horticulture
• B. Sc. Genetics
• B. Sc. Health Science and Nutrition
• B. Sc. Sports Science
• B. Sc. Audiology
• B. Sc. Botany

Other Courses – Paramedical and Diploma

There are some courses dealing with diagnosis technology, medical lab technology, and radiology. Such courses are known as paramedical courses. The below are some of the career options available after 12^th science biology:

• B.Sc. in Operation Theatre Technology
• B.Sc. in X-Ray Technology
• B.Sc. in Radiography and Medical Imaging
• B.Sc. in Dialysis Technology
• B.Sc. in Medical Record Technology
• B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology
• B.Sc. in Ophthalmic Technology
• Bachelor of Occupational Therapy
• Bachelor of Physiotherapy
• B.Sc. in Speech Therapy
• BASLP Course
• B.Sc. in Audiology
• B.Sc. in Anaesthesia Technology
• B.Sc. in Audiology and Speech Therapy
• B.Sc. in Optometry
• Diploma in Operation Theatre Technology (DOTT)
• Diploma in X-Ray Technology
• Diploma in Radiography and Medical Imaging
• Diploma in ECG Technology
• Diploma in Dialysis Technology
• Diploma in Medical Record Technology
• Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology (DMLT)
• Diploma in Ophthalmic Technology
• Diploma in Physiotherapy
• Diploma in Anaesthesia Technology
• Diploma in Nursing Care Assistant
• Diploma in Sanitary Inspector
• Diploma in Hearing Language and Speech (DHLS)
• Diploma in Dental Hygienist
• Diploma in Audiometry Technician
• Diploma in Audiology and Speech Therapy
• X-Ray/Radiology Assistant (or Technician)
• Medical Laboratory Assistant
• Operation Theatre Assistant
• Nursing Care Assistant (Certificate)
• ECG Assistant
• Dental Assistant
• Ophthalmic Assistant
• CT Scan Technician
• Dialysis Technician
• MRI Technician

Some of the diploma courses for PCB students are as below:

• GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery)
• ANM (Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery)
• Diploma in Pharmacy
• Diploma in Dairy Technology
• Diploma in Yoga Education

Career Choices – Research Areas

Well, there is no limitation on the research areas in medical line. If the research area is being opted for the career, then one topic must be selected as per one’s interest. It could also be considered as one of the best options for higher studies. Although, biology is a very vast subject, below are some of the topics advised:

• Behavior
• Biochemistry
• Biophysics
• Cell Biology
• Computational Biology
• Conservation Biology
• Developmental Biology
• Ecology
• Evolution
• Genetics
• Marine Biology
• Microbiology
• Molecular Biology
• Neurobiology
• Physiology
• Plant Biology
• Population Biology

Job Opportunities

The successful career makes sense if we have a good job with handsome earning. The job sector is categorized into government and private jobs.

Government Job Options

• Civil services
• Armed forces
• Teaching
• Government hospitals
• Police
• Railway
• SSC exam
• Banking sector

Private Job Options

• Private Hospitals
• Lab technician
• CSL Limited
• Private Bank and Insurance companies
• Teaching
• Independent researcher

Scope of Biology

Biology is the subject with no limitations. Hence it has very vast opportunities as mentioned. So, one should not consider medical field associating to doctor or nurse only.

Choose wisely, live well.

Plan today and live tomorrow.

Have you ever thought of taking up other courses, apart from the regular Graduation? If you are looking for an added advantage to your career, Diploma course is the best choice. It adds additional skills to your regular qualification- Bachelor’s degree.

In this session, we will discuss different Diploma courses you could take after 12th.

You could take a Diploma course, irrespective of the subject taken in 12th. However, it is very important that you choose the right subject to make a brighter career and help you find the desired job.

Diploma courses After 12th- General

The duration of these courses could be of 1-2 years, as per the rules set by the institute.

Here are the top Diploma courses which would give a stronger foundation in your career:

Hotel Management

This is a 1-year course which you can take up after 12th. You gain the required skills to enhance the technical and management abilities, hence building a deeper knowledge of the subject. The course comprises 4 sections, to specialize you in aspects such as Food Production, Accommodation Operations, Front Office and Food & Beverage services. Hotel Management is a booming fieldfor those willing to have a career and pursue higher studies in Food Production and maintenance.

Career Prospects

With a certification in Hotel Management, you could get a job as a Catering Officer, Catering Supervisor & Assistant, Field Supervisor, Marketing Manager

Hospitality Management

This course lasts up to 1 year, providing an integral view of the essential concepts in the Tourism and Hospitality industry. You will have a deep knowledge about how to work in the industry. Hospitality Management is another booming and highly demanded industry by the young students who dream of a strong career in Tourism and Travel management.

Career prospects

You could find a job as Administrative Assistant, Conference & Events Executive, Office Management Co-ordinator, Store Manager etc

Diploma in Management

This is diploma program in Management. Here, you learn the rules of planning, staffing, organizing, directing and controlling the procedures in the industry. This course enables you to understand the fundamentals of the management of resources that are efficiently and effectively available. Moreover, if you have those people skills, thinking strategically and quickly adapt to changes, along with helping people to take important decisions effective to the organization, this course is just perfect for you!

Eligibility

You should have completed 12th in any stream. Or you could have a Bachelor’s degree with relevant experience

Career Prospects

Make a career in management by working as Management Trainee, Program Management Specialist, Management Consultant, Program Management Officer

Banking & Finance

This is a diploma program in Banking and Finance, which can be completed in 1 year. In this course, you get a deep understanding of the dynamically changing financial markets, and having a vision about the financial crisis and a logic for saving the organization from the crisis. Through this course you learn to utilise certain quantitative methods to practice Banking and Finance. This course also helps the students to enhance your econometric methods and interpersonal skills.

• Certain universities ask you to pass an entrance exam
• Career Prospects: With the certification in Banking & Finance, you can work as Asset Manager, Credit & Risk Manager, Corporate Analyst, Loss Control Specialist etc

Diploma Courses For Arts

Diploma in Travel & Tourism

Being certified in Travel & Tourism, you can work with the government tour operators, department of tourism, Rail services, hotels, airlines, travel agencies, cruise companies etc. Having proficiency in different languages could help you travel different states or even countries, hence helping you grow in your career.

• Topics:
  • Tourism geography
  • Tourism fundamentals
  • Tourism planning, execution and marketing
  • Customer Relationship Management

Diploma in Advertising & Marketing

On completion of this diploma course, you can take a leap into Digital Marketing, Advertising & Communication, Media houses or public as well as private companies, film production, advertising & publication agencies etc. You could also choose Self employment or Freelancing.

• Topics:
  • Media Planning
  • Market Research
  • Public Relations
  • Corporate Communication
  • Fundamentals of Advertising & Marketing

Diploma in Event Management

This course helps you work at musical concerts, fashion shows, seminars or exhibitions etc. An event could be a celebration, an occasion or a concert where a crowd is developed. Management refers to the properly utilising the resources the right way.

On completion of this course, you could find a job as Business Development Executive, Accounts Executive/ Accountant, Management Trainee, Coordinator etc. in domains such as Academic & Sports Meets, Corporate events, Fashion & Cultural Shows, Colleges & Universities, Reality shows etc.

• Topics:
  • Event Management fundamentals
  • Event & Budget Planning
  • Finance Management
  • Public Relations
  • Logistics
  • Legal aspects

Diploma courses for Commerce

Financial Accounting

Being certified in Financial Accounting, you will be handling the financial records and tax reports. The reports help you in understanding the economic performance. Through these reports, a business owner assesses the company’s overall performance based on the goals, and takes necessary steps to improve the

performance.

• Eligibility: Should have completed 12th in Commerce
• Topics in Financial Accounting:
  • Accounting
  • Business Law
  • Management
  • Auditing & Taxation

Industrial Safety

After the completion of this course, You could get a job in private and consulting companies, government and private organizations. At work, you would be responsible in making sure that the workplaces are suitable for the employees as per the government rules-

• Check the facilities for biological, chemical and physical threats
• Take a study on the accidents and report the health and safety massacres
• Topics:
  • Basics of Industrial Safety
  • Industrial Threats
  • Fire Engineering
  • Occupational Health and Environment
  • Safety during constructional activities

Retail Management

On the completion of the course, you could join a company as a trainee. During the training, you learn to manage the store. The knowledge and experience acquired will help you understand how the retail industry works, thus giving you the managerial capacity. With adequate experience, you can enhance your career with jobs as Retail Manager, Sales Manager etc.

• Space Management
• Sourcing
• Store design, Layout & Management
• Merchandising overview

Computer Application

This is one of the helpful certifications as the duration of the course would be about 6 months to 1 year. On the completion of this course, you can work as Lead Consultant, Application Developer, Systems Analyst, Office Assistant, Teacher, Assistant Professor, Senior Programmer Analyst, Computer Operator etc.

• Internet
• HTML
• Computer and Operating System fundamentals
• MS Office
• Information Technology
• Programming languages such as C, C++

Diploma in Science

Mechanical Engineering

This course helps in designing and building complex machinery. You will be trained to get skills in domains, computer applications, structures etc. You could find jobs in Public or Private sector. The course duration is 3 years after 12th in Science stream.

• Eligibility: Should have completed 12th in Science stream
• Topics:
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Fundamentals of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
  • Graphics concerning Engineering
  • Engineering Metallurgy
  • Procedures in Manufacturing

Chemical Engineering

The course duration is 3 years. On completion, you work with the designing, Research and production. In designing, there are a lot of opportunities in private companies and government organizations. Researchers will have knowledge about the design to enhance the processes and the machinery. Jobs in production can be seen in industries of chemical processes, oil refineries etc.

• Topics:
  • Thermodynamics
  • Applied Chemistry
  • Chemical Technology
  • Chemical Engineering basics
  • Engineering material
  • Mechanical operations

Civil Engineering

The duration of this course is 3 years. As a Civil Engineer, your job is to design, develop, build, test and maintain the infrastructures. Your job also comprises designing building structures. On the completion of this course, there will be job opportunities in private and consulting companies, and government organizations.

• Topics:
  • Physics
  • Mathematics
  • Graphics in Engineering
  • Communication skills
  • Construction materials
  • Engineering of Road & bridge
  • Mechanism of structures

Biotechnology

This diploma certification is a stepping stone to getting a job in laboratories, taking 2-3 years to complete. On completion of the course, there are opportunities wide open for you in public & private sectors. You can work for bio-pharmaceutical companies, research institutes and food supply companies. Despite having strong theoretical knowledge in concepts if you are not keen working in labs, you could work as Product Specialist, in companies dealing with equipments and supplies for the labs.

• Topics:
  • Biology of cells
  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental biotechnology

Nutrition & Dietetics

This 2 year course helps you get a job in health and fitness centres, hospitals and weight-loss clinics. Through this course, you could help people plan and maintain their diet with some useful tips and advices. You can arrange programs or create health clubs in schools, colleges to conduct training on nutrition, food habits and diet. After the diploma certification, there is a high scope to work on research projects and top FMCG based companies.

• Topics:
  • Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Nutrition basics
  • Psychology

Computer Engineering

This course can get you a job as Senior Technical Assistant, Member Technical Staff, Project Assistant, Assistant Manager, Associate Software Engineer etc. This is a 3-year course providing various career opportunities such as Software/Hardware Engineer, Application Developer, Project Engineer, Software Tester, Web Designer, Network Engineer etc.

• Topics:
  • Electrical & Electronics Engineering
  • Digital Electronics
  • Programming language such as C
  • PC Hardware & Networking
  • Software Engineering
  • Linux & DBMS
  • Web Programming
  • CASP

Information Technology

On the completion of this 1 year course, you could start a career working in companies such as Boeing, Airtel, BSNL, Qualcomm & Tata Elixir, Siemens, BEL, VSNL, Alcatel, ASUS & Cisco Systems to work as Training Coordinator, Information Systems Manager, Mainframe Developer, Senior Technical Consultant, Quality Inspector, Assistant Manager- IT etc.

• Topics:
  • Elements of Mechanical design
  • Professional communication
  • Computer Organization
  • Computer Networks
  • System Analysis & Design
  • Operating Systems
  • Multimedia Technology
  • Computer Architecture
  • Software Engineering
  • Internship & Training

Apart from these diploma courses for students from each stream, there are exclusive courses available at IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University).

Diploma Courses At IGNOU

IGNOU offers a unique set of diploma courses for aspirants looking for a different career yet has great scope for growth. Here is the list of courses:

• Aquaculture (for Science students Only)
• Panchayat level Administration & Development
• Dairy Technology
• Early Childhood care & education
• Women Empowerment and Development
• Creative Writing in English
• Fish Products Technology
• Nutrition & Health Education
• Value Added Products from fruits and vegetables
• VAP (Value Added Products) from Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds
• HIV and Family education
• Meat Technology
• Paralegal Practice
• Elementary education
• Tourism
• Finance & Accounting in BPO domain
• Watershed Management

Conclusion

In this session, we discussed various Diploma courses after 12th in each Stream. We also covered some exclusive Diploma courses offered by IGNOU. Hope the session has been helpful in finding the right career.